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<p>This study aimed to develop an efficient and green novel process for the extraction and separation of flavonoids from the non-medicinal parts of <i>Paeonia lactiflora Pall</i>. Box-Behnken experimental design was employed, with the total flavonoid extraction yield as the optimization index, to optimize the parameters of ultrasound-assisted extraction using choline chloride-malic acid (molar ratio 1:1) as the extraction solvent. The parameters optimized included solid–liquid ratio, water content, and ultrasonic time. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was utilized for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoid components in the extract. A three-compartment electrodialysis technique was applied to separate flavonoids from the extract while simultaneously recovering choline chloride and malic acid. A total of 1.4718&#xa0;mg of total flavonoids was extracted and isolated from per gram of P. lactiflora stems and leaves, among which 14 flavonoid compounds were identified. The recovery rates of choline chloride and malic acid reached 87.0% and 93.0%, respectively. This study developed an efficient, recyclable, and environmentally friendly method for total flavonoid extraction. This method provides technical support for the reuse of non-medicinal parts of P. lactiflora and offers a new approach for the recovery and recycling of green deep eutectic solvents.</p>

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Green extraction and isolation of flavonoids from Paeonia lactiflora byproducts using eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Changhai Sun,
  • Ping Xiu,
  • Yumeng Zhang,
  • Huinan Cui,
  • Pingyuan Wang,
  • Shushuang Shen

摘要

This study aimed to develop an efficient and green novel process for the extraction and separation of flavonoids from the non-medicinal parts of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Box-Behnken experimental design was employed, with the total flavonoid extraction yield as the optimization index, to optimize the parameters of ultrasound-assisted extraction using choline chloride-malic acid (molar ratio 1:1) as the extraction solvent. The parameters optimized included solid–liquid ratio, water content, and ultrasonic time. Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) was utilized for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoid components in the extract. A three-compartment electrodialysis technique was applied to separate flavonoids from the extract while simultaneously recovering choline chloride and malic acid. A total of 1.4718 mg of total flavonoids was extracted and isolated from per gram of P. lactiflora stems and leaves, among which 14 flavonoid compounds were identified. The recovery rates of choline chloride and malic acid reached 87.0% and 93.0%, respectively. This study developed an efficient, recyclable, and environmentally friendly method for total flavonoid extraction. This method provides technical support for the reuse of non-medicinal parts of P. lactiflora and offers a new approach for the recovery and recycling of green deep eutectic solvents.