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<p><i>Mangifera indica</i>, commonly known as mango, consumed globally, is known for its taste and nutraceutical benefits. This fruit has huge cultural significance in South and South Eastern part of Asia. Mangoes are consumed since ancient times. However, the ripening process induces dynamic changes in the fruit’s biochemical composition, hence affecting the health benefits. Understanding this shift is essential to utilize stage-specific therapeutic benefits of mangoes. This review aims to systematically compare the phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of ripe and unripe mango pulp, highlighting stage-specific bioactivities and translational potential. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 160 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and reliable food composition databases were screened to evaluate stage specific Pharmacological action of the fruit pulp. Unripe mango pulp exhibited higher levels of polyphenols, vitamin C, and organic acids, which contributed to stronger antioxidant, anti-diabetic and gastroprotective effects. Ripe mango showed elevated levels of β-carotene, mangiferin, and Vitamin A, enhancing anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and night vision. Evidence was categorized by mechanistic insight and model type (<i>in vitro/in vivo/clinical</i>). Mango pulp offers stage-specific functional benefits due to variation in phytoconstituent but clinical validation is limited. Future research can explore cultivar-specific effects cultivar-specific profiling, human intervention studies to formulate nutraceuticals.</p>

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A comparative review of phytoconstituents and major Pharmacological actions of pulp of ripe and unripe Mangifera indica L. fruits

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Amitesh Chakraborty,
  • Tushar Adhikari

摘要

Mangifera indica, commonly known as mango, consumed globally, is known for its taste and nutraceutical benefits. This fruit has huge cultural significance in South and South Eastern part of Asia. Mangoes are consumed since ancient times. However, the ripening process induces dynamic changes in the fruit’s biochemical composition, hence affecting the health benefits. Understanding this shift is essential to utilize stage-specific therapeutic benefits of mangoes. This review aims to systematically compare the phytoconstituents and pharmacological activities of ripe and unripe mango pulp, highlighting stage-specific bioactivities and translational potential. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 160 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and reliable food composition databases were screened to evaluate stage specific Pharmacological action of the fruit pulp. Unripe mango pulp exhibited higher levels of polyphenols, vitamin C, and organic acids, which contributed to stronger antioxidant, anti-diabetic and gastroprotective effects. Ripe mango showed elevated levels of β-carotene, mangiferin, and Vitamin A, enhancing anti-inflammatory, anticancer activities and night vision. Evidence was categorized by mechanistic insight and model type (in vitro/in vivo/clinical). Mango pulp offers stage-specific functional benefits due to variation in phytoconstituent but clinical validation is limited. Future research can explore cultivar-specific effects cultivar-specific profiling, human intervention studies to formulate nutraceuticals.