Supercritical CO2 extraction of Algerian Nigella sativa L. seed Oil: Characterization and assessment of anti-urease and anti-butyrylcholinesterase activities
摘要
The optimization of the supercritical CO2 oil extraction yield from Algerian Nigella sativa seeds was considered using the box-Behnken experimental design. Several operating conditions of pressure (100, 175, 250 bar), temperature (35, 45, 55 °C) and extracting time (180, 195, 210 min) were tested. The maximum oil extraction yield was 37.006%, obtained at 250 bar, 35 °C and for 195 min. The fatty acids of Nigella sativa extracts were determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the results showed that linoleic acid was the major compound in the extracts, with a maximum percentage of 75.9% obtained under the conditions of 250 bar, 35 °C, 195 min. The anti-urease and anticholinesterase activities of Nigella sativa extracts were determined by evaluating the oil inhibitory potential of the urease and butyrylcholinesterase enzymes. The best obtained IC50 values were 3.61 ± 0.25 (µg/ml) and 35.15 ± 0.59 (µg/ml) obtained at 250 bar, 35 °C, 195 min and 100 bar, 55 °C, 195 min for anti-urease and anti-butyrylcholinesterase activities, respectively. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis was carried out to evaluate the interaction modes and binding affinity of bioactive molecules identified in the extracts of Nigella Sativa seeds extracts with the urease enzyme. The most favorable binding affinities were observed for Linoleic acid (C18:2 9Z, 12Z). Previous investigations have assessed these biological activities using only conventionally prepared extracts. Our work is the first to explore the potential of supercritical CO2 extracts, which may offer a distinct phytochemical profile and enhanced bioactivity, thereby providing novel insights.