<p>Cottonseed oil is a widely consumed vegetable oil used in the food industry due to its nutritional and functional properties. However, it is essential to ensure its quality and prolonged shelf life due to oxidation, contamination, and adulteration. In order to improve oil recovery and stability, recent advances in extraction techniques, including green methods and enzymatic pre-treatments, have been introduced as sustainable alternatives to traditional practices. Conventional methods for the quality assessment of edible oil, such as GC-MS and HPLC, are time-consuming, destructive, and unsuitable for real-time monitoring. Non-invasive techniques have gained significant attention as an alternative approach for rapid and accurate quality evaluation in recent years. This review highlights recent advancements in non-invasive methods, including near-infrared and Raman spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging (HSI), electronic nose (E-nose) systems, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy for real-time monitoring of oil composition, oxidative stability, and adulteration. Emerging process innovations such as IoT-based monitoring systems have shown significant improvement in the quality assessment and process efficiency of edible oils, thereby highlighting their industrial adaptability. The review also discusses the environmental benefits of non-invasive techniques, the valorization of cottonseed by-products, and the role of AI in optimizing resource utilization. The advancement of interdisciplinary research and industrial adoption of these techniques will be an effective approach to ensure high-quality and sustainable cottonseed oil production.</p>