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<p>Astaxanthin (Asta), a potent keto-carotenoid exceptional with oxygen-quenching capacity, exhibits superior antioxidant activity among natural pigments, making it as a highly promising candidate for nutraceutical and therapeutic applications. Nevertheless, the translational potential of Asta is significantly hindered by its intrinsic physicochemical limitations including pronounced hydrophobicity, compromised photochemical stability, and suboptimal gastrointestinal absorption efficiency. To address these limitations, A supramolecular encapsulation strategy was developed through host–guest complexation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), with systematic investigation of&#xa0;the molecular interactions and stability enhancement mechanisms. The inclusion complexes of β-CD with Asta were characterized by multidimensional methods (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry, phase analysis of X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis, Isothermal titration calorimetry, and <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Contact angle, and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation). Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analyses showed that quantified strong binding affinity (Ka = 2.8 × 10<sup>4</sup>&#xa0;M⁻<sup>1</sup>) with favorable enthalpy-driven spontaneity (ΔH = -15.2&#xa0;kJ/mol). Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral shifts coupled with <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (<sup>1</sup>H NMR) analysis of Asta with β-CD indicated that structural integration of Asta's conjugated polyene backbone into the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD by hydrogen bonds. The β-CD had a positive influence on both the hermal stability and hydration capacity of the inclusion complexes. This β-CD nanoencapsulation approach not only enhanced aqueous dispersibility (from 0.24&#xa0;μg/mL to 1.86&#xa0;mg/mL) but also improved thermal stability (ΔTdecomp = + 40&#xa0;°C) through steric protection of labile conjugated dienes. Thus, the findings establish β-CD complexation as an effective molecular engineering strategy to overcome bioavailability barriers in carotenoid-based therapeutics.</p>

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β-cyclodextrin encapsulated astaxanthin for enhancing solubility and stability: Structural characterization and host-guest interactions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Xiaochen Cheng,
  • Yuanyuan An,
  • Zixuan Qu,
  • Jiatong Wang,
  • Xiaodan Xie,
  • Han Wang,
  • Chengzhen Liu

摘要

Astaxanthin (Asta), a potent keto-carotenoid exceptional with oxygen-quenching capacity, exhibits superior antioxidant activity among natural pigments, making it as a highly promising candidate for nutraceutical and therapeutic applications. Nevertheless, the translational potential of Asta is significantly hindered by its intrinsic physicochemical limitations including pronounced hydrophobicity, compromised photochemical stability, and suboptimal gastrointestinal absorption efficiency. To address these limitations, A supramolecular encapsulation strategy was developed through host–guest complexation with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), with systematic investigation of the molecular interactions and stability enhancement mechanisms. The inclusion complexes of β-CD with Asta were characterized by multidimensional methods (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry, phase analysis of X-ray diffraction, Thermogravimetric analysis, Isothermal titration calorimetry, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Contact angle, and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation). Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analyses showed that quantified strong binding affinity (Ka = 2.8 × 104 M⁻1) with favorable enthalpy-driven spontaneity (ΔH = -15.2 kJ/mol). Moreover, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectral shifts coupled with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1H NMR) analysis of Asta with β-CD indicated that structural integration of Asta's conjugated polyene backbone into the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD by hydrogen bonds. The β-CD had a positive influence on both the hermal stability and hydration capacity of the inclusion complexes. This β-CD nanoencapsulation approach not only enhanced aqueous dispersibility (from 0.24 μg/mL to 1.86 mg/mL) but also improved thermal stability (ΔTdecomp = + 40 °C) through steric protection of labile conjugated dienes. Thus, the findings establish β-CD complexation as an effective molecular engineering strategy to overcome bioavailability barriers in carotenoid-based therapeutics.