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<p>The feasibility of formulating printable gels from natively non-printable Chocolate Gels (CG) was studied by adding Locust Bean Gum (LBG) for prospective 3D printing applications. CG-LBG gel formulations at Varying concentration levels were developed, and their influence on rheological behavior and printability was ascertained. Adding 6% and 8% (w/w) LBG significantly increased the viscosity, gel stiffness, storage and loss moduli of the composite gels. Advanced rheological testing methods, Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS), revealed that these changes were due to alterations in the gel's internal structure. The critical strain values of the gel systems escalated with greater LBG incorporation, with a three-fold increase in the energy density, attaining a peak of 1652&#xa0;J/m<sup>3</sup>. Elastic and viscous Lissajous curves elucidated the viscoelastic properties at varying strains. Additionally, to correlate with the printability of the gel formulations, temperature sweep, and three-interval thixotrophy tests (3ITT) were conducted; the positive effects of LBG addition were evident. Then, textural changes were noted, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Indicated that the 8% CG-LBG gel formulation reinforced hydrogen bonding, enhancing the gels' mechanical properties. Furthermore, thermal and morphological studies determined an improvement in stability and hot extrusion-associated microstructural alterations of the gel formulations, respectively. The 8% CG-LBG gel was smoother and extrudable, held its shape better, and was more resistant to shape deformation, contributing to its better performance during printing. The findings facilitate the development of more efficient printing ink formulations using simplified hydrocolloid systems. This research advocates for an industrial approach to the development of printing inks through a streamlined methodology. Rather than optimizing printability with various hydrocolloids, the formulation can be enhanced by integrating a single, judiciously chosen hydrocolloid (LBG). The incorporation of a readily available CG, alongside this single-step hydrocolloid addition, improves the printability of the inks, providing a more efficient and practical solution for industrial applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Hot extrusion 3D printed chocolate gels: Improved printability and post-printing stability with Locust Bean Gum addition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • P. Santhoshkumar,
  • Neeta S. Ukkunda,
  • G. Dhanya,
  • J. A. Moses

摘要

The feasibility of formulating printable gels from natively non-printable Chocolate Gels (CG) was studied by adding Locust Bean Gum (LBG) for prospective 3D printing applications. CG-LBG gel formulations at Varying concentration levels were developed, and their influence on rheological behavior and printability was ascertained. Adding 6% and 8% (w/w) LBG significantly increased the viscosity, gel stiffness, storage and loss moduli of the composite gels. Advanced rheological testing methods, Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (LAOS), revealed that these changes were due to alterations in the gel's internal structure. The critical strain values of the gel systems escalated with greater LBG incorporation, with a three-fold increase in the energy density, attaining a peak of 1652 J/m3. Elastic and viscous Lissajous curves elucidated the viscoelastic properties at varying strains. Additionally, to correlate with the printability of the gel formulations, temperature sweep, and three-interval thixotrophy tests (3ITT) were conducted; the positive effects of LBG addition were evident. Then, textural changes were noted, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) Indicated that the 8% CG-LBG gel formulation reinforced hydrogen bonding, enhancing the gels' mechanical properties. Furthermore, thermal and morphological studies determined an improvement in stability and hot extrusion-associated microstructural alterations of the gel formulations, respectively. The 8% CG-LBG gel was smoother and extrudable, held its shape better, and was more resistant to shape deformation, contributing to its better performance during printing. The findings facilitate the development of more efficient printing ink formulations using simplified hydrocolloid systems. This research advocates for an industrial approach to the development of printing inks through a streamlined methodology. Rather than optimizing printability with various hydrocolloids, the formulation can be enhanced by integrating a single, judiciously chosen hydrocolloid (LBG). The incorporation of a readily available CG, alongside this single-step hydrocolloid addition, improves the printability of the inks, providing a more efficient and practical solution for industrial applications.

Graphical Abstract