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<p>This study aimed to develop an eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) system for efficient extraction of flavonoids from buckwheat husk (BHF) and evaluate their bioactivity and composition. A choline chloride/ethylene glycol (ChCl/TEG) DES was selected and optimized via response surface methodology (RSM), with ethanol and deionized water as reference solvents. The results indicated that the ChCl/TEG (molar ratio 1:3, extraction temperature 55&#xa0;°C, time 60&#xa0;min, solid-liquid ratio 1:20&#xa0;g/mL) achieved a maximum BHF yield of 5.31%, significantly higher than ethanol (1.64%) or water (0.95%). Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging assays, along with hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. It was found that BHF exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than those from conventional solvents. LC-MS analysis identified nine flavonoids (e.g., rutin, vitexin, hyperoxide) based on retention time matching with authentic standards, MS/MS fragmentation patterns, and database validation (Mass Bank, PubChem). This work establishes an efficient and recyclable DES-based extraction system (5 cycles with 5.02% yield retention), and low-toxicity alternative to traditional solvents, highlighting its potential for green extraction in nutraceuticals and functional food industries. Limitations included scalability challenges, and future studies will focus on in vivo bioactivity validation and industrial process optimization.</p>

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Optimization of process for extraction of flavonoids from buckwheat husk using polyol-based deep eutectic solvents and their bioactivity evaluation and component identification

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月5日

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  • Lin-lin Ll,
  • Yang Zhao,
  • Yanxia An,
  • Yong-wei LEI,
  • Jing-yuan SU,
  • Yi Han,
  • Jian ZHANG

摘要

This study aimed to develop an eco-friendly deep eutectic solvent (DES) system for efficient extraction of flavonoids from buckwheat husk (BHF) and evaluate their bioactivity and composition. A choline chloride/ethylene glycol (ChCl/TEG) DES was selected and optimized via response surface methodology (RSM), with ethanol and deionized water as reference solvents. The results indicated that the ChCl/TEG (molar ratio 1:3, extraction temperature 55 °C, time 60 min, solid-liquid ratio 1:20 g/mL) achieved a maximum BHF yield of 5.31%, significantly higher than ethanol (1.64%) or water (0.95%). Antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical scavenging assays, along with hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. It was found that BHF exhibited stronger antioxidant activity than those from conventional solvents. LC-MS analysis identified nine flavonoids (e.g., rutin, vitexin, hyperoxide) based on retention time matching with authentic standards, MS/MS fragmentation patterns, and database validation (Mass Bank, PubChem). This work establishes an efficient and recyclable DES-based extraction system (5 cycles with 5.02% yield retention), and low-toxicity alternative to traditional solvents, highlighting its potential for green extraction in nutraceuticals and functional food industries. Limitations included scalability challenges, and future studies will focus on in vivo bioactivity validation and industrial process optimization.