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<p>This study investigated the effects of three extraction methods, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), shaking-assisted extraction (SLE-1), and stirring-assisted extraction (SLE-2), on the physicochemical and structural characteristics, phenolic composition, and biological activities of Roselle leaf extract (RLE). Among the techniques, UAE outperformed the other methods, yielding extracts with enhanced physicochemical and biological properties. The results revealed that UAE-derived RLE exhibited significantly higher levels of total phenolics (747.34&#xa0;mg gallic acid equivalents/g DW), total flavonoid contents 134.02 ± 1.48 (mg rutin/g), and condensed tannin contents (6.35 ± 0.10&#xa0;mg catechin/g). Moreover, the RL extracted using the different methods showed antibacterial efficacy against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>. The UAE showed greater inhibitory effects on α-amylase (78.08%) and α-glucosidase (71.58%). Additionally, all RLE samples of main phenolic compounds in all RLE samples were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. These findings indicate that RLE could offer enhanced bioactivity, improved solubility, and potential applications as a functional ingredient in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Optimization of powdered and lyophilized roselle leaf extracts: a correlative analysis of extraction methods, structural properties, phenolic composition, and biological activities to enhance functionality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Khin Su Su Hlaing,
  • Mouhamed Fall,
  • Victor Christian Kaharso,
  • Jiang Qixing,
  • Wenshui Xia,
  • Dawei Yu

摘要

This study investigated the effects of three extraction methods, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), shaking-assisted extraction (SLE-1), and stirring-assisted extraction (SLE-2), on the physicochemical and structural characteristics, phenolic composition, and biological activities of Roselle leaf extract (RLE). Among the techniques, UAE outperformed the other methods, yielding extracts with enhanced physicochemical and biological properties. The results revealed that UAE-derived RLE exhibited significantly higher levels of total phenolics (747.34 mg gallic acid equivalents/g DW), total flavonoid contents 134.02 ± 1.48 (mg rutin/g), and condensed tannin contents (6.35 ± 0.10 mg catechin/g). Moreover, the RL extracted using the different methods showed antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The UAE showed greater inhibitory effects on α-amylase (78.08%) and α-glucosidase (71.58%). Additionally, all RLE samples of main phenolic compounds in all RLE samples were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. These findings indicate that RLE could offer enhanced bioactivity, improved solubility, and potential applications as a functional ingredient in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.

Graphical abstract