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<p><i>Diabetes mellitus</i> (DM) is one of the most significant global health challenges, requiring urgent solutions to enhance its treatment efficacy and affordability. This study investigated the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of an ethanolic extract of <i>Salvia hispanica</i> (chia) seeds in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The phytochemical composition of the extract was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various compounds in the chia seed extract, which may contribute to its observed biological activities. The antioxidant activity of chia seed extract (IC<sub>50</sub> = 174.31&#xa0;µg/mL) was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC<sub>50</sub> = 171.53&#xa0;µg/mL). For the antidiabetic study, experimental mice were administered the extract at doses of 150 and 250&#xa0;mg. The 250&#xa0;mg dose significantly reduced blood glucose levels (114.43 ± 1.13&#xa0;mg/dL), closely resembling the effect observed in the positive control group (109.41 ± 1.21&#xa0;mg/dL). Metabolic parameters and lipid profiles showed significant improvement after administration of chia seed extract compared to the control. Histopathological evaluation revealed improvements in the pancreatic, liver, and kidney tissues affected by alloxan-induced DM. Molecular docking and SIFT analyses identified the key hotspot residues in the target proteins. The docking results indicated that DMHD exhibited the strongest binding affinity for <i>α</i>-amylase, suggesting its potential as an effective treatment for type 2 DM (T2DM). Most compounds followed the Lipinski rule of five, were non-toxic, and showed moderate activity against <i>α</i>-amylase, as predicted by PASS. In conclusion, chia seed extract (250&#xa0;mg) significantly reversed diabetic conditions, bringing glucose levels and lipid profiles close to normal.</p>

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Therapeutic potential of Salvia hispanica seed extract in alloxan-induced diabetic mice: phytochemical, biochemical, histological, and in silico approaches

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月18日

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  • Nauman Ahmad,
  • Shazia Khurshid,
  • Muhammad Wajid,
  • Khuram Ashfaq,
  • Hafiz Muhammad Mazhar Asjad,
  • Aiman Jahangir,
  • Gulzar Muhammad

摘要

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most significant global health challenges, requiring urgent solutions to enhance its treatment efficacy and affordability. This study investigated the antioxidant and antidiabetic properties of an ethanolic extract of Salvia hispanica (chia) seeds in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The phytochemical composition of the extract was characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of various compounds in the chia seed extract, which may contribute to its observed biological activities. The antioxidant activity of chia seed extract (IC50 = 174.31 µg/mL) was comparable to that of ascorbic acid (IC50 = 171.53 µg/mL). For the antidiabetic study, experimental mice were administered the extract at doses of 150 and 250 mg. The 250 mg dose significantly reduced blood glucose levels (114.43 ± 1.13 mg/dL), closely resembling the effect observed in the positive control group (109.41 ± 1.21 mg/dL). Metabolic parameters and lipid profiles showed significant improvement after administration of chia seed extract compared to the control. Histopathological evaluation revealed improvements in the pancreatic, liver, and kidney tissues affected by alloxan-induced DM. Molecular docking and SIFT analyses identified the key hotspot residues in the target proteins. The docking results indicated that DMHD exhibited the strongest binding affinity for α-amylase, suggesting its potential as an effective treatment for type 2 DM (T2DM). Most compounds followed the Lipinski rule of five, were non-toxic, and showed moderate activity against α-amylase, as predicted by PASS. In conclusion, chia seed extract (250 mg) significantly reversed diabetic conditions, bringing glucose levels and lipid profiles close to normal.