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<p>Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant with significant health benefits, is abundant and present in <i>Penaeus monodon</i> shells. However, its efficient extraction remains a challenge due to the complexity of its matrix. This study aims to optimize a sustainable and high-efficiency microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) process using deep eutectic solvents (DES) to enhance astaxanthin yield and bioactivity. A systematic evaluation of various DES compositions identified choline chloride-lactic acid (1:2 molar ratio) with 15% water as the most effective solvent system for astaxanthin recovery. Employing a Box-Behnken design, the optimal extraction conditions were determined as a microwave power of 400&#xa0;W, an extraction time of 24&#xa0;min, and a solvent containing 34% ethanol. Under these conditions, an astaxanthin yield of 60.06&#xa0;µg/g was achieved, closely aligning with the predicted value (60.36&#xa0;µg/g), confirming the accuracy of the optimization model. Structural and chemical analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed significant morphological and functional group alterations compared to conventional and ethanol-based MAE methods. Furthermore, the DES-extracted astaxanthin exhibited superior antioxidant and potential anti-cancer properties. This study highlights the effectiveness of DES-based MAE as an innovative, environmentally friendly, and time-efficient strategy for astaxanthin recovery, offering a promising alternative to traditional extraction techniques in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.</p>

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Microwave-assisted extraction of astaxanthin from shrimp shell by-products (Penaeus monodon) using deep eutectic solvents and evaluation of antioxidant activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月14日

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  • Tran Chi Hai,
  • Phan Van Man,
  • Le Thi Hong Anh

摘要

Astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant with significant health benefits, is abundant and present in Penaeus monodon shells. However, its efficient extraction remains a challenge due to the complexity of its matrix. This study aims to optimize a sustainable and high-efficiency microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) process using deep eutectic solvents (DES) to enhance astaxanthin yield and bioactivity. A systematic evaluation of various DES compositions identified choline chloride-lactic acid (1:2 molar ratio) with 15% water as the most effective solvent system for astaxanthin recovery. Employing a Box-Behnken design, the optimal extraction conditions were determined as a microwave power of 400 W, an extraction time of 24 min, and a solvent containing 34% ethanol. Under these conditions, an astaxanthin yield of 60.06 µg/g was achieved, closely aligning with the predicted value (60.36 µg/g), confirming the accuracy of the optimization model. Structural and chemical analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed significant morphological and functional group alterations compared to conventional and ethanol-based MAE methods. Furthermore, the DES-extracted astaxanthin exhibited superior antioxidant and potential anti-cancer properties. This study highlights the effectiveness of DES-based MAE as an innovative, environmentally friendly, and time-efficient strategy for astaxanthin recovery, offering a promising alternative to traditional extraction techniques in the food, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical industries.