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<p>In recent years, the therapeutic potential of natural compounds has garnered significant interest, particularly in the context of sustainable and eco-friendly practices. However, there is limited research on optimizing extraction techniques for maximizing polyphenol recovery from prickly pear (<i>Opuntia ficus-indica</i> L.), a cactus plant known for its bioactive properties. This study aimed to address this gap by evaluating the effects of different extraction methods on the yield and bioactivity of polyphenols from prickly pear fruit and peel. The methodology involved extracting phenolic compounds from fruit, peel, and their combination using supercritical fluid extraction (2000, 3000, 4000 psi), ultrasound-assisted extraction (Time: 5, 10 and 15&#xa0;min, Solvents, Ethanol, Methanol &amp; Water), and conventional (Time: 30, 60 and 90&#xa0;min, Solvents, Ethanol, Methanol &amp; Water) methods. Phenolic estimation was carried out through TPC, TTC, and TFC, while antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Structural elucidation was performed using FTIR and HPLC analysis was used for phenolic quantification. Lastly, functional fudge was developed and tested for sensorial attributes. The results indicated that super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) at 3000 psi demonstrated the highest bioactive yield, with DPPH (3.25 ± 0.16%), FRAP (56.09 ± 3.24%), ABTS (885.15 ± 69.92&#xa0;μmol TE/g), total phenolic content (TPC, 89.66 ± 5.60&#xa0;mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid content (TFC, 7.52 ± 0.14&#xa0;mg QE/g) in fruit powder followed by peel and their combination. Ultrasound-assisted extraction showed similar trends, followed by conventional extraction, which exhibited the lowest yields possibly due to the influence of pressure, time, and solvent polarity on the solubility, diffusion, and release of bioactive compounds during extraction. The HPLC analysis revealed significant (p &lt; 0.05) amounts of polyphenols, with flavonoids being predominant. FTIR confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups in fruit peels, indicating a polyelectrolyte nature. Finally, the functional fudge showed acceptable sensory results validate the feasibility of nopal/ prickly pear for functional product development.</p>

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Green technologies aided extraction, characterization and structural elucidation of Nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) fruit and peel polyphenols

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月26日

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  • Abdulrehman Shahid,
  • Ali Imran,
  • Muhammad Umair Arshad,
  • Farhan Saeed

摘要

In recent years, the therapeutic potential of natural compounds has garnered significant interest, particularly in the context of sustainable and eco-friendly practices. However, there is limited research on optimizing extraction techniques for maximizing polyphenol recovery from prickly pear (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), a cactus plant known for its bioactive properties. This study aimed to address this gap by evaluating the effects of different extraction methods on the yield and bioactivity of polyphenols from prickly pear fruit and peel. The methodology involved extracting phenolic compounds from fruit, peel, and their combination using supercritical fluid extraction (2000, 3000, 4000 psi), ultrasound-assisted extraction (Time: 5, 10 and 15 min, Solvents, Ethanol, Methanol & Water), and conventional (Time: 30, 60 and 90 min, Solvents, Ethanol, Methanol & Water) methods. Phenolic estimation was carried out through TPC, TTC, and TFC, while antioxidant activities were assessed using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Structural elucidation was performed using FTIR and HPLC analysis was used for phenolic quantification. Lastly, functional fudge was developed and tested for sensorial attributes. The results indicated that super critical fluid extraction (SCFE) at 3000 psi demonstrated the highest bioactive yield, with DPPH (3.25 ± 0.16%), FRAP (56.09 ± 3.24%), ABTS (885.15 ± 69.92 μmol TE/g), total phenolic content (TPC, 89.66 ± 5.60 mg GAE/g), and total flavonoid content (TFC, 7.52 ± 0.14 mg QE/g) in fruit powder followed by peel and their combination. Ultrasound-assisted extraction showed similar trends, followed by conventional extraction, which exhibited the lowest yields possibly due to the influence of pressure, time, and solvent polarity on the solubility, diffusion, and release of bioactive compounds during extraction. The HPLC analysis revealed significant (p < 0.05) amounts of polyphenols, with flavonoids being predominant. FTIR confirmed the presence of hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups in fruit peels, indicating a polyelectrolyte nature. Finally, the functional fudge showed acceptable sensory results validate the feasibility of nopal/ prickly pear for functional product development.