A sensitive electrochemical detection of carotenoid in food samples as an effective pigment in prevention of cancer cells

This work offers a novel method for the sensitive electrochemical detection of carotenoids in dietary samples, namely β-carotene (β-CA). A reduced-graphene oxide and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂/rGO) composite was created, and the electrode was modified using the β-carotene oxidase (β-Ox) enzyme. The special properties of both MoS₂ and rGO, such as their large surface area, strong conductivity, and electrocatalytic potential, are responsible for the sensor’s improved performance. The selectivity and sensitivity of the sensor towards β-CA are further improved by the β-Ox enzyme, which is well-known for its capacity to oxidize β-CA. With a limit of detection set at 0.2 nM, the sensor demonstrated dual linear detection ranges from 50 nM to 33 µM. The sensor showed good recovery between 94.00% and 99.20%, with a relative standard deviation between 3.25% and 4.56%. The strong selectivity, stability, and reproducibility of the β-Ox/MoS₂/rGO/GCE biosensor, combined with its successful detection of β-CA in prepared tomato samples and human blood serum samples, make it a perfect platform for an extensive range of other biosensor applications. This creative method offers a fresh perspective for further study in this area.