Ultrasound assisted green extraction of phenolic components from Basella alba

The investigation was conducted to analyze the effects of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) on the bioactive compounds from Basella alba leaves. The experiment used response surface methodology (RSM) to assess the independent variables, which included solvent concentration (50 to 100%), treatment time (5 to 15 min), and amplitude percentage (70 to 90%). The solvent used was ethanol. The extraction yield of response variables was predicted using the RSM and ANN-GA approach. The experimental values of total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant activity (AA) ranged from 4.13 to 8.12 mgQEg⁻¹, 5.30–8.23 mgGAEg⁻¹, and 0.29–0.63 mgGAEACg⁻¹ respectively. For the optimized conditions obtained using RSM, the predicted values of TFC, TPC, and AA were 8.31 mgQEg⁻¹, 8.23 mgGAEg⁻¹, and 0.59 mgGAEACg⁻¹, respectively, while the predicted values using ANN-GA were 8.52 mgQEg⁻¹, 7.64 mgGAEg⁻¹, and 0.67 mgGAEACg⁻¹, respectively. ANN-GA exhibited a high R² value and reduced values for other statistical parameters compared to RSM. Moreover, the predicted ANN-GA value closely matched the experimental value. Thus, it can be considered that ANN-GA is the most optimal model for the optimization and modeling of the UAE process pertaining to the bioactive components derived from B. alba leaf extracts. The findings of the study will aid in efficiently utilizing sustainable techniques for extracting bioactive compounds from B. alba leaves and improving their industrial applications, particularly in the food and therapeutic industries.