Effect of soybean protein isolated/cellulose nanofibers-based nano-biocomposite films enriched with TiO₂ nanoparticle and tannic acid on the quality properties of refrigerated common carp fillets

The objective of this study is the estimation of the effect of SPI (soybean protein isolated)- cellulose nanofibers (CNF) in combination with TA (tannic acid) and TiO₂ NPs (titanium dioxide nanoparticles) on the quality of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fillets stored at 4 ± 1 °C in terms of quality properties including the bacterial counts, physicochemical characteristics, and sensory scores. Therefore, the fillets were randomly subjected to the following treatments by wrapping: SPI, SPI-CNF, SPI-CNF/TA, SPI-CNF/ TiO₂, and SPI-CNF/TA-TiO₂. The TBC and PBC of the SPI-CNF/TA-TiO₂ wrapped sample significantly decreased during storage. The results demonstrate that the combination of TA and TiO₂ with PSI-CNF solution is an active nanocomposite film with strong antimicrobial effects, exhibiting a synergistic effect between TA and TiO₂. Adding CNF into SPI film caused to decrease of bacterial growth in fillets treated with SPI-CNF. SPI-CNF/TiO₂ exhibited higher antibacterial activity than SPI-CNF/TA. The samples wrapped with SPI-CNF/TA were better than samples treated with SPI-CNF/TiO₂ in reducing lipid and bacterial contamination oxidation of fillets. The sensory acceptance score in common carp fillet wrapped with SPI-CNF/TA-TiO₂ was better than other samples on days 12, and it was lower the critical score for fishery products. From this study, it is apparent that SPI-CNF/TA-TiO₂ film was the most effective film to preserve fillets.