Bioactive profile, pharmacological attributes and potential application of Beta vulgaris

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) is a well-known dietary source of high nutritional and therapeutic value due to its high content of bioactive phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids. In addition to polyphenolic compounds, beetroot is the richest source of betalains. These compounds impart beetroot a broad spectrum of biological activities, including anti-oxidant, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and anti-depressant activities. Suitable extraction techniques and proper supplementations can enhance the contents of these bioactive compounds and bioactivities, respectively. The objective of the present review is to comprehensively address the bioactive compounds and quantitative analysis of their involvement in the biological activities of beetroot, as reported in the literature (2003–2022).