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<p>Human populations have undergone extensive migrations throughout history, shaping genetic diversity through admixture. Admixed individuals inherit mosaic genomes composed of ancestry tracts from multiple ancestral populations. The distribution of these ancestry tracts provides insights into historical migration patterns and gene flow, as well as implications for complex disease disparities in admixed populations. However, modeling these genomic patterns remains challenging. The goal of this study is to systematically validate the analytical predictions of the tracts model against stochastic coalescent simulations. Using the <i>tracts</i> software and the coalescent simulator <i>msprime</i>, we modeled time-dependent gene flow and analyzed the distribution of admixture tracts under simple and complex demographic scenarios. We compared TRACTS model accuracy across different scenarios, including 2-way, 3-way admixture, as well as single pulse and multiple pulse models. Additionally, we assessed the computational efficiency of <i>tracts</i> and <i>msprime</i> in a two-population pulse admixture model under varying chromosome sizes. We demonstrate that the TRACTS model captures the dynamics of admixture tracts comparably to the msprime simulator under both simple and complex demographic scenarios, while offering a significant computational speed advantage.</p>

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Inferring the History of Admixed Populations Using Backwards Simulations and Local Ancestry Tracts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Chen-Yang Su,
  • Alejandro Mejia-Garcia

摘要

Human populations have undergone extensive migrations throughout history, shaping genetic diversity through admixture. Admixed individuals inherit mosaic genomes composed of ancestry tracts from multiple ancestral populations. The distribution of these ancestry tracts provides insights into historical migration patterns and gene flow, as well as implications for complex disease disparities in admixed populations. However, modeling these genomic patterns remains challenging. The goal of this study is to systematically validate the analytical predictions of the tracts model against stochastic coalescent simulations. Using the tracts software and the coalescent simulator msprime, we modeled time-dependent gene flow and analyzed the distribution of admixture tracts under simple and complex demographic scenarios. We compared TRACTS model accuracy across different scenarios, including 2-way, 3-way admixture, as well as single pulse and multiple pulse models. Additionally, we assessed the computational efficiency of tracts and msprime in a two-population pulse admixture model under varying chromosome sizes. We demonstrate that the TRACTS model captures the dynamics of admixture tracts comparably to the msprime simulator under both simple and complex demographic scenarios, while offering a significant computational speed advantage.