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<p>Mountainous regions play a crucial role in shaping genetic differentiation among organisms. Climate change and topographical complexity are considered the most important processes influencing the diversification of these areas. In this study, we used <i>Boana polytaenia</i> treefrog species to assess how such biogeographical factors shaped its evolutionary history in the highly biodiverse Brazilian Atlantic Forest Mountain range, Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira. We investigated whether the patterns of genetic diversity of <i>B. polytaenia</i> along the mountains regions of the Southern Atlantic Forest were related to Pleistocene climate changes. Our dataset included mitochondrial and nuclear loci sequences from <i>B. polytaenia</i>, which we used to assess the genealogical relationships of lineages, population structure, lineages validation, changes in effective population sizes over time, time of divergence of lineages, climatic suitability through time with ecological niche modeling and whether niches of lineages are more or less similar than expected. The species exhibited two well-structured clades in each of the mountain chains, Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar. However, there was a lack of niche similarity and non-reciprocal geographic predictions for species distribution between the clades. Divergence between the clades occurred during the Pliocene/Pleistocene transition. We found contrasting responses to cooler periods on climatic suitability of lineages, with the expansion of suitable areas for <i>B. polytaenia</i> Serra da Mantiqueira Clade and retractions of climatically suitable areas for <i>B. polytaenia</i> Serra do Mar Clade. Despite clear differentiation, the sharing of nuclear haplotypes indicates retention of ancestral polymorphism, complicating the resolution of phylogenetic relationships in this species. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the presence of more than one evolutionary unit in this dataset. Finally, Pleistocene climate changes influenced spatial distribution, leading to genetic variation in <i>B. polytaenia</i><i> species</i>.</p>

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Pleistocene Climatic Changes Drove Genetic Variation in Southern Atlantic Forest Treefrogs Boana polytaenia (Anura, Hylidae)

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  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月7日

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  • Ibrahim Kamel Rodrigues Nehemy,
  • Felipe Camurugi,
  • Diego José Santana

摘要

Mountainous regions play a crucial role in shaping genetic differentiation among organisms. Climate change and topographical complexity are considered the most important processes influencing the diversification of these areas. In this study, we used Boana polytaenia treefrog species to assess how such biogeographical factors shaped its evolutionary history in the highly biodiverse Brazilian Atlantic Forest Mountain range, Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira. We investigated whether the patterns of genetic diversity of B. polytaenia along the mountains regions of the Southern Atlantic Forest were related to Pleistocene climate changes. Our dataset included mitochondrial and nuclear loci sequences from B. polytaenia, which we used to assess the genealogical relationships of lineages, population structure, lineages validation, changes in effective population sizes over time, time of divergence of lineages, climatic suitability through time with ecological niche modeling and whether niches of lineages are more or less similar than expected. The species exhibited two well-structured clades in each of the mountain chains, Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar. However, there was a lack of niche similarity and non-reciprocal geographic predictions for species distribution between the clades. Divergence between the clades occurred during the Pliocene/Pleistocene transition. We found contrasting responses to cooler periods on climatic suitability of lineages, with the expansion of suitable areas for B. polytaenia Serra da Mantiqueira Clade and retractions of climatically suitable areas for B. polytaenia Serra do Mar Clade. Despite clear differentiation, the sharing of nuclear haplotypes indicates retention of ancestral polymorphism, complicating the resolution of phylogenetic relationships in this species. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the presence of more than one evolutionary unit in this dataset. Finally, Pleistocene climate changes influenced spatial distribution, leading to genetic variation in B. polytaenia species.