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<p>Babesiosis is endemic in Pakistan and significantly impacts bovine health, leading to economic losses and high mortality rates among young animals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of <i>Babesia bigemina</i> and identify associated risk factors in Pakistani bovines. A total of 663 blood samples were collected systematically from 430 cattle and 233 buffaloes in the Lahore district of Punjab province. The samples were analyzed using microscopy and by PCR targeting the amplification of the apical membrane antigen (AMA-1) gene followed by gene sequencing. The overall prevalence of <i>B. bigemina</i> was 19%, with higher rates in cattle (21.86%) compared to buffaloes (13.73%). (Odds Ratio: 181.18, 95% Confidence Interval: 34.30–957.05). Male animals were more prone to infection than female animals, with an Odds Ratio of 1.65 (95% CI 1.08–2.53). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that local <i>B. bigemina</i> strains closely resemble a previously reported Pakistani strain, differing from global isolates. Age, sex, species, season, and tick control practices were identified as significant risk factors (Adjusted Odds Ratio &gt; 1). Age, sex, species, season, and tick control practices were identified as significant risk factors (Adjusted Odds Ratio &gt; 1). The study underscores the need for public awareness strategies to reduce <i>B. bigemina</i> prevalence, improving livestock health and productivity.</p>

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Prevalence in Relation to Risk Factors of Babesia Bigemina in Bovines of Punjab (Pakistan)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Muhammad Wahab,
  • Mian Abdul Hafeez,
  • Faiza Aslam,
  • Rimsha Farooq,
  • Syeda Anam Sarwar,
  • Waqas Ahmad,
  • Liaqat Ali,
  • Adeel Sattar,
  • Waseem Khan

摘要

Babesiosis is endemic in Pakistan and significantly impacts bovine health, leading to economic losses and high mortality rates among young animals. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Babesia bigemina and identify associated risk factors in Pakistani bovines. A total of 663 blood samples were collected systematically from 430 cattle and 233 buffaloes in the Lahore district of Punjab province. The samples were analyzed using microscopy and by PCR targeting the amplification of the apical membrane antigen (AMA-1) gene followed by gene sequencing. The overall prevalence of B. bigemina was 19%, with higher rates in cattle (21.86%) compared to buffaloes (13.73%). (Odds Ratio: 181.18, 95% Confidence Interval: 34.30–957.05). Male animals were more prone to infection than female animals, with an Odds Ratio of 1.65 (95% CI 1.08–2.53). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that local B. bigemina strains closely resemble a previously reported Pakistani strain, differing from global isolates. Age, sex, species, season, and tick control practices were identified as significant risk factors (Adjusted Odds Ratio > 1). Age, sex, species, season, and tick control practices were identified as significant risk factors (Adjusted Odds Ratio > 1). The study underscores the need for public awareness strategies to reduce B. bigemina prevalence, improving livestock health and productivity.