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Purpose <p>Bovine theileriosis, caused by <i>Theileria annulata</i>, presents a significant economic challenge to India’s livestock industry. This study investigates the molecular epidemiology of <i>T. annulata</i> in bovine populations from Haryana, India, focusing on the genetic diversity of the Tams1 gene (785&#xa0;bp).</p> Methods <p>The prevalence of <i>T. annulata</i> was evaluated in 800 blood samples using microscopy and PCR techniques, specifically targeting SSU rRNA and <i>Tams1</i> genes. Genetic diversity among <i>T. annulata</i> isolates was analyzed through DNA sequencing and phylogenetic studies. Additionally, the impact of various risk factors on <i>T. annulata</i> infection was assessed.</p> Results <p>Microscopy revealed that 29.25% (117/400) of cattle and 2.75% (11/400) of buffalo were detected positive for <i>Theileria</i> spp. in Giemsa-stained blood smears. The <i>Theileria</i> genus-specific primers amplified a 1098&#xa0;bp fragment of the SSU rRNA gene in 39.5% (158/400) cattle and 6% (24/400) buffalo. The <i>T. annulata-</i>specific PCR targeting the partial <i>Tams1</i> gene revealed a prevalence rate of 37% (148/400) in cattle and 3.5% (14/400) in buffalo. A genetic analysis of the <i>Tams1</i> gene in 389 sequences, including 14 <i>T. annulata</i> isolates from Haryana (8 from cattle, 6 from buffaloes), revealed significant variation within Indian <i>T. annulata</i> parasites. Analysis of <i>Tams1</i> gene sequences (389 from 16 countries) revealed 35 haplotypes globally, with four identified from the 14 isolates sequenced in this study. Nucleotide homology among 14 northern Indian isolates ranged from 89.46–100%, compared to a broader range of 78.42–100% when global sequences were included. Among 35 haplotypes, Hap_1 is the most dominant and shows geographic clustering. Globally, low genetic distance (Fst &lt; 0.15) and high gene flow (Nm &gt; 1) were observed among the five populations (South Asia, East Asia, West Asia, Europe, and Africa), suggesting minimal genetic differentiation among <i>T. annulata</i> populations. Negative values in Tajima’ s D (-1.21941) and Li’s F (-2.97801) tests suggest recent population expansion. Risk factors such as age, sex, and host species are significantly associated with <i>T. annulata</i> infection.</p> Conclusion <p>This study offers comprehensive insights into <i>T. annulata</i> genetic diversity, population structure, and haplotype networks using the <i>Tams1</i> gene.</p>

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Molecular Epidemiology and Genotypic Diversity of Theileria annulata among Bovines Based Upon Tams1 Gene in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月3日

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  • Rashmi Malik,
  • Biswa Ranjan Maharana,
  • Anita Ganguly,
  • Sukhdeep Vohra,
  • Binod Kumar,
  • Ankit Kumar,
  • Harpreet Singh,
  • Sandeep Potliya,
  • Sujoy Khanna,
  • Subhasish Sahu

摘要

Purpose

Bovine theileriosis, caused by Theileria annulata, presents a significant economic challenge to India’s livestock industry. This study investigates the molecular epidemiology of T. annulata in bovine populations from Haryana, India, focusing on the genetic diversity of the Tams1 gene (785 bp).

Methods

The prevalence of T. annulata was evaluated in 800 blood samples using microscopy and PCR techniques, specifically targeting SSU rRNA and Tams1 genes. Genetic diversity among T. annulata isolates was analyzed through DNA sequencing and phylogenetic studies. Additionally, the impact of various risk factors on T. annulata infection was assessed.

Results

Microscopy revealed that 29.25% (117/400) of cattle and 2.75% (11/400) of buffalo were detected positive for Theileria spp. in Giemsa-stained blood smears. The Theileria genus-specific primers amplified a 1098 bp fragment of the SSU rRNA gene in 39.5% (158/400) cattle and 6% (24/400) buffalo. The T. annulata-specific PCR targeting the partial Tams1 gene revealed a prevalence rate of 37% (148/400) in cattle and 3.5% (14/400) in buffalo. A genetic analysis of the Tams1 gene in 389 sequences, including 14 T. annulata isolates from Haryana (8 from cattle, 6 from buffaloes), revealed significant variation within Indian T. annulata parasites. Analysis of Tams1 gene sequences (389 from 16 countries) revealed 35 haplotypes globally, with four identified from the 14 isolates sequenced in this study. Nucleotide homology among 14 northern Indian isolates ranged from 89.46–100%, compared to a broader range of 78.42–100% when global sequences were included. Among 35 haplotypes, Hap_1 is the most dominant and shows geographic clustering. Globally, low genetic distance (Fst < 0.15) and high gene flow (Nm > 1) were observed among the five populations (South Asia, East Asia, West Asia, Europe, and Africa), suggesting minimal genetic differentiation among T. annulata populations. Negative values in Tajima’ s D (-1.21941) and Li’s F (-2.97801) tests suggest recent population expansion. Risk factors such as age, sex, and host species are significantly associated with T. annulata infection.

Conclusion

This study offers comprehensive insights into T. annulata genetic diversity, population structure, and haplotype networks using the Tams1 gene.