<p>Plant functional traits are key for understanding the adaptive strategies to environments, and fine roots play a crucial role in nutrient acquisition. Examining the variation of functional traits of fine root and soil physicochemical properties, and investigating their coupling relationships and dominating factors, could provide a theoretical foundation for ecological restoration in the burned forest. We established 12 plots within <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i> Carrière forests subjected to light, moderate and severe fire severities. Through detailed analysis of fine roots and soil physicochemical properties, we evaluated the variations and coupling effects in fine root functional traits and soil properties using the Coupling Coordination Degree Model and Partial Least Squares Path Modeling. Our results showed significant differences in the functional traits of fine root and soil physicochemical properties across fire severities (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The coupling coordination degrees between fine root functional features and soil physicochemical properties ranged from 0.4 to 0.6, with the following order: unburned, moderate, severe and light severity. Forest fire negatively impacted the coupling coordination degree indirectly, primarily influenced by the direct positive effects of fine root morphological traits (e.g., specific root length) and soil nutrient properties (e.g., nitrogen and available phosphorus). The synergistic recovery of fine root-soil systems in <i>Pinus tabuliformis</i> forests was most pronounced following moderate fire severity, showing a medium-level coordination degree. For light-severity fires, enhancing fine root morphological characteristics through soil warming is recommended. In contrast, it is suggested to apply appropriate nitrogen and soil fertilizers for improving soil conditions after severe fire.</p>