Third Generation Calphad for Key Elements

This paper presents an overview of the models we used so far for the 3rd generation Calphad descriptions of the elements. It covers both stable and metastable solid phases, as well as the liquid phase. The “evolution" of thermodynamic descriptions of the key elements Al, C, Cr, Co, Fe, Ga, Ni, and W is discussed in detail and new assessments are conducted when deemed necessary. To support future work, we provide practical guidelines, including suggested starting values for optimising various parameters. Comprehensive thermodynamic descriptions of the elements are also included to facilitate further modelling efforts.