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<p>Agricultural mechanization plays a critical role in enhancing farm productivity, ensuring food security, and meeting the demands of a rapidly growing global population. Unscheduled equipment failures during field operations not only reduce operational efficiency but also lead to significant economic losses and unplanned maintenance costs. This study investigates the failure frequency and failure modes of key components in a tractor-mounted 29.4&#xa0;kW, 9-arm rotary rake during sugarcane trash collection on raised-bed cultivation systems. Data are collected from 5 operational machines over a cumulative operation period of 1500&#xa0;h (300&#xa0;h per machine). The results indicate that failures in the tines, tine arms, pinions, and gears predominantly occur during the early failure phase (infant mortality) of the reliability bathtub curve. These failures are primarily attributed to high fluctuating loads induced by field topography, irregular geometry, and variable sugarcane stubble (stem or stalk) height. The dominant failure mechanisms for these components include low-cycle fatigue due to high-stress amplitudes, bending caused by the obstructions to the rotating tine, and static overload conditions. Conversely, components such as the cam, casing, cover, and connecting rod exhibit failure characteristics aligned with the constant failure rate phase. These failures are often the result of sustained high-stress levels arising from interactions with large obstructions, including uncollected rectangular bales and residual sugarcane stubble (stem or stalk). This analysis provides a quantitative foundation for predictive maintenance scheduling, component inventory management, and operator training programs, ultimately contributing to improved equipment uptime and reduced operational disruptions in mechanized agricultural systems.</p>

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Failure Analysis of Tractor-Drawn Raker System During Sugarcane Trash Windrowing Operation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Krishna Ghatge,
  • N. K. Chougule,
  • M. D. Jayabhaye

摘要

Agricultural mechanization plays a critical role in enhancing farm productivity, ensuring food security, and meeting the demands of a rapidly growing global population. Unscheduled equipment failures during field operations not only reduce operational efficiency but also lead to significant economic losses and unplanned maintenance costs. This study investigates the failure frequency and failure modes of key components in a tractor-mounted 29.4 kW, 9-arm rotary rake during sugarcane trash collection on raised-bed cultivation systems. Data are collected from 5 operational machines over a cumulative operation period of 1500 h (300 h per machine). The results indicate that failures in the tines, tine arms, pinions, and gears predominantly occur during the early failure phase (infant mortality) of the reliability bathtub curve. These failures are primarily attributed to high fluctuating loads induced by field topography, irregular geometry, and variable sugarcane stubble (stem or stalk) height. The dominant failure mechanisms for these components include low-cycle fatigue due to high-stress amplitudes, bending caused by the obstructions to the rotating tine, and static overload conditions. Conversely, components such as the cam, casing, cover, and connecting rod exhibit failure characteristics aligned with the constant failure rate phase. These failures are often the result of sustained high-stress levels arising from interactions with large obstructions, including uncollected rectangular bales and residual sugarcane stubble (stem or stalk). This analysis provides a quantitative foundation for predictive maintenance scheduling, component inventory management, and operator training programs, ultimately contributing to improved equipment uptime and reduced operational disruptions in mechanized agricultural systems.