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<p>Climbing is a sport that has grown a lot over the years, culminating in its inclusion in the Tokyo Olympics in 2020. One of the main modalities is rock climbing, in which the climber uses fixed safety devices, as climbing carabiners, nuts, expandable cam devices and bolts used as fixed anchors, attached to the athlete by ropes, which guide him on the ascent and descent rock path. In the event of a fall, bolts hold the climber. Despite the importance of these devices in terms of safety, there are no recommendations or standards that guide their manufacture and useful life, since these bolts remains fixed on the rock in corrosive environments for years. The objective of this study is to characterize the microstructural properties of the bolts removed from their original positions of Paredão de Itacoatiara in Niterói/RJ and of Morro do Cantagalo in Rio de Janeiro city, in Brazil, after approximately 20&#xa0;years of use. Chemical analysis by&#xa0;optical emission spectroscopy (OES), metallography, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. Three bolts were characterized as austenitic stainless steel, and one clamp was a carbon steel. The tests performed revealed cracks, corrosion and sensitized areas in most of the bolts and lack of weld penetration.</p>

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Microstructural Characterization of the Metallic Material of a Climbing Safety Device Under Corrosive Environment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • L. Benini,
  • L. V. Cortez,
  • G. Perez,
  • J. M. Moraes Júnior,
  • S. S. M. Tavares

摘要

Climbing is a sport that has grown a lot over the years, culminating in its inclusion in the Tokyo Olympics in 2020. One of the main modalities is rock climbing, in which the climber uses fixed safety devices, as climbing carabiners, nuts, expandable cam devices and bolts used as fixed anchors, attached to the athlete by ropes, which guide him on the ascent and descent rock path. In the event of a fall, bolts hold the climber. Despite the importance of these devices in terms of safety, there are no recommendations or standards that guide their manufacture and useful life, since these bolts remains fixed on the rock in corrosive environments for years. The objective of this study is to characterize the microstructural properties of the bolts removed from their original positions of Paredão de Itacoatiara in Niterói/RJ and of Morro do Cantagalo in Rio de Janeiro city, in Brazil, after approximately 20 years of use. Chemical analysis by optical emission spectroscopy (OES), metallography, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. Three bolts were characterized as austenitic stainless steel, and one clamp was a carbon steel. The tests performed revealed cracks, corrosion and sensitized areas in most of the bolts and lack of weld penetration.