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<p>The reliability and durability of photovoltaic (PV) generators have garnered increasing interest over the past decade, impacted by factors such as meteorological conditions, solar irradiance, and humidity. Manufacturers and technicians often assume a linear degradation rate of 0.8% per year to predict the performance of PV modules from installation to the end of their lifespan. However, this linear degradation assumption has been challenged in several studies across various PV module technologies. This paper analyzes the performance of 30 PV modules after 15&#xa0;years of operation in a system located in northern Algeria under a Mediterranean climate. Through experimental and measurement procedures, we investigated degradation modes that led to significant drops in output power. The PV modules were inspected in accordance with IEC 61215 standards, which included visual inspection, electrical performance evaluation, thermographic inspection, and energy production assessment. The results indicate that the PV modules exhibit various visual defects and significant reductions in electrical performance. Thermal inspections reveal non-uniform thermal behavior and uneven temperature distribution across the PV cells within the modules. Our assessment confirms that the PV modules suffer from major defects, particularly solder bond failures of the interconnect connectors. Further investigations pinpoint the disconnection of bus bars in some PV cells as the primary cause of these performance issues. Even in relatively mild climates like the Mediterranean zone, this paper demonstrates that unexpected failures can significantly impact performance, potentially halving the modules' service life from 25 to 15&#xa0;years.</p>

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Assessing Material Failure Mechanisms in Solar Panels Exposed to Mediterranean Environmental Stressors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月12日

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  • Farid Hadjrioua,
  • Nasreddine Belhaouas,
  • Antar Beddar,
  • Reski Khelifi

摘要

The reliability and durability of photovoltaic (PV) generators have garnered increasing interest over the past decade, impacted by factors such as meteorological conditions, solar irradiance, and humidity. Manufacturers and technicians often assume a linear degradation rate of 0.8% per year to predict the performance of PV modules from installation to the end of their lifespan. However, this linear degradation assumption has been challenged in several studies across various PV module technologies. This paper analyzes the performance of 30 PV modules after 15 years of operation in a system located in northern Algeria under a Mediterranean climate. Through experimental and measurement procedures, we investigated degradation modes that led to significant drops in output power. The PV modules were inspected in accordance with IEC 61215 standards, which included visual inspection, electrical performance evaluation, thermographic inspection, and energy production assessment. The results indicate that the PV modules exhibit various visual defects and significant reductions in electrical performance. Thermal inspections reveal non-uniform thermal behavior and uneven temperature distribution across the PV cells within the modules. Our assessment confirms that the PV modules suffer from major defects, particularly solder bond failures of the interconnect connectors. Further investigations pinpoint the disconnection of bus bars in some PV cells as the primary cause of these performance issues. Even in relatively mild climates like the Mediterranean zone, this paper demonstrates that unexpected failures can significantly impact performance, potentially halving the modules' service life from 25 to 15 years.