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<p>Copper contamination cracking (CCC) was found in AISI 316L stainless steel heat exchangers fabricated through vacuum brazing. Comprehensive failure analysis was performed involving profilometric measurements, microstructural characterization, SEM fractography, and finite element analysis. The profilometry results showed that the tube deformed greatly during brazing and cooling because of thermal stress. Numerical simulations predicted this deformation pattern and localized stress concentrations at fin ends, aligning with observed crack initiation sites. Under the stress, copper solder penetrated into the AISI 316L stainless steel tubes in areas of large plastic deformation which led to intergranular cracks.</p>

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Copper Contamination Cracking in a Vacuum Brazing Finned Tube Heat Exchanger

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月19日

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  • Xiongzhi Xiang,
  • Yunchao Wang,
  • Mingzhe Li,
  • Xueke Yu

摘要

Copper contamination cracking (CCC) was found in AISI 316L stainless steel heat exchangers fabricated through vacuum brazing. Comprehensive failure analysis was performed involving profilometric measurements, microstructural characterization, SEM fractography, and finite element analysis. The profilometry results showed that the tube deformed greatly during brazing and cooling because of thermal stress. Numerical simulations predicted this deformation pattern and localized stress concentrations at fin ends, aligning with observed crack initiation sites. Under the stress, copper solder penetrated into the AISI 316L stainless steel tubes in areas of large plastic deformation which led to intergranular cracks.