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<p>Due to an unusually severe drought in Uruguay during 2023, the source of drinking water had to be changed to one with higher salinity in the metropolitan area of Montevideo. The increased ion concentration in the tap water led to multiple breakages due to corrosion in domestic and industrial systems, particularly water heaters. This work analyses the characteristics of the failure, which affected hundreds of water heaters in a very short period. The analysis includes a characterization of the elemental composition, metallography, and electrochemistry behavior of the components. It is concluded that the cause of the failure was the increase in water conductivity, and the mechanism was galvanic corrosion with pitting in a stainless-steel component. The conclusions prompted changes in the construction of components to avoid future failures in similar conditions.</p>

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Analysis of Massive Failure in Uruguayan Electric Water Heaters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • Mariana Corengia,
  • Mayra Doldán,
  • Mauricio Ohanian

摘要

Due to an unusually severe drought in Uruguay during 2023, the source of drinking water had to be changed to one with higher salinity in the metropolitan area of Montevideo. The increased ion concentration in the tap water led to multiple breakages due to corrosion in domestic and industrial systems, particularly water heaters. This work analyses the characteristics of the failure, which affected hundreds of water heaters in a very short period. The analysis includes a characterization of the elemental composition, metallography, and electrochemistry behavior of the components. It is concluded that the cause of the failure was the increase in water conductivity, and the mechanism was galvanic corrosion with pitting in a stainless-steel component. The conclusions prompted changes in the construction of components to avoid future failures in similar conditions.