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<p>The causes promoting the changes in the surface aspect of tiles coated with a layer of ceramic glass for decorative applications were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The results indicate that the surface of the faulty samples experienced the formation of potassium and chlorine-rich compounds resulting from the glassy phase’s chemical attack, which reduced its mechanical properties and experienced cracking. The degradation mechanism was linked to reduce Zr-compounds due to their ionic dissolution in the presence of hydrochloric acid used in cleaning practices after installation. The results from the analysis were validated through immersion laboratory tests, which indicated that the change in colour of the samples increased when the vol.% of HCl in test solutions increased, which also increased the discolouration of the samples, their surface roughness (Ra parameter) and the potassium content on the surface of the glass-ceramic-coated tiles. It was found that reducing the concentration of HCl to values &lt; 2.5 vol.% in cleaning practices did not affect the surface quality of the tiles.</p>

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Physical and Chemical Degradation of Glass-Ceramic Coated Tiles for Decorative Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月29日

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  • Rodrigo Puente-Ornelas,
  • Karen Y. Pineda-Arriaga,
  • Mauro J. Gaona-Martínez,
  • Javier H. Ramírez-Ramírez,
  • Francisco A. Pérez-González,
  • Rafael Colás,
  • Nelson F. Garza-Montes-de-Oca

摘要

The causes promoting the changes in the surface aspect of tiles coated with a layer of ceramic glass for decorative applications were studied by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The results indicate that the surface of the faulty samples experienced the formation of potassium and chlorine-rich compounds resulting from the glassy phase’s chemical attack, which reduced its mechanical properties and experienced cracking. The degradation mechanism was linked to reduce Zr-compounds due to their ionic dissolution in the presence of hydrochloric acid used in cleaning practices after installation. The results from the analysis were validated through immersion laboratory tests, which indicated that the change in colour of the samples increased when the vol.% of HCl in test solutions increased, which also increased the discolouration of the samples, their surface roughness (Ra parameter) and the potassium content on the surface of the glass-ceramic-coated tiles. It was found that reducing the concentration of HCl to values < 2.5 vol.% in cleaning practices did not affect the surface quality of the tiles.