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<p>Historical bells are worn and damaged by the ravages of time. The repair and restoration of these heritage masterpieces could be attempted using cold technology, provided a sufficient adhesion is reached. In this paper, the improvement of Cu20Sn bell metal repair adhesion by various substrate surface treatments was studied: grinding, polishing, cold spray grit-blasting, and laser texturing using five different patterns. The adhesion was tested by a new, simple glue-less method tailored for testing thick cold spray deposits. It was shown that while the cold spray grit-blasting provides a good adhesion of around 70&#xa0;MPa, even better results of approximately 120&#xa0;MPa could be obtained by the laser patterning. The detailed three-dimensional fractographic analysis allowed us to describe the failure mechanism of all specimens. For the best-performing laser texturing, this was a combination of interfacial debonding at the original substrate surface and the deposit cohesive fracture inside the pattern recessed areas.</p>

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Cold-Sprayed Bell Metal: Improving Adhesion by Substrate Laser Surface Texturing

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Jan Cizek,
  • Reeti Singh,
  • Jan Kondas,
  • Sebastian Kraft,
  • Dariusz Bartocha,
  • Maria Baryshnikova,
  • Ondrej Kovarik

摘要

Historical bells are worn and damaged by the ravages of time. The repair and restoration of these heritage masterpieces could be attempted using cold technology, provided a sufficient adhesion is reached. In this paper, the improvement of Cu20Sn bell metal repair adhesion by various substrate surface treatments was studied: grinding, polishing, cold spray grit-blasting, and laser texturing using five different patterns. The adhesion was tested by a new, simple glue-less method tailored for testing thick cold spray deposits. It was shown that while the cold spray grit-blasting provides a good adhesion of around 70 MPa, even better results of approximately 120 MPa could be obtained by the laser patterning. The detailed three-dimensional fractographic analysis allowed us to describe the failure mechanism of all specimens. For the best-performing laser texturing, this was a combination of interfacial debonding at the original substrate surface and the deposit cohesive fracture inside the pattern recessed areas.