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<p>Die-casting machine platens suffer from severe mechanical deformation, wear, and corrosion during long-term service. In this study, an INO X307 alloy layer was deposited onto an AISI 4130 steel substrate using wire-arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) to enhance surface performance. The cladded layer is mainly composed of γ-austenite with a small amount of residual α-ferrite. A distinct transition region forms at the interface due to elemental diffusion, exhibiting a mixed γ/α dual-phase structure with refined equiaxed grains and a compositional gradient, which contributes to strong metallurgical bonding. The cladded layer shows a significantly enhanced average microhardness of 187.2 ± 9.1 HV<sub>0.2</sub> compared with the substrate. Tensile tests reveal high mechanical strength of the cladded layer, reaching 1019 ± 18.8&#xa0;MPa in the vertical direction and 954 ± 44&#xa0;MPa in the horizontal direction. In contrast, the transition region exhibits a lower ultimate tensile strength of approximately 653&#xa0;MPa but much higher ductility, with elongation values of 22.7-26.2%, enabling effective stress accommodation and stable load transfer across the interface. Wear tests demonstrate a reduced wear rate of 2.33 × 10<sup>−4</sup>mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm for the cladded layer, while electrochemical measurements indicate superior corrosion resistance, characterized by a lower corrosion current density of 1.227 × 10<sup>−6</sup> A·cm<sup>−2</sup> and a higher charge-transfer resistance. These results confirm that the INO X307 cladded layer, together with its mechanically compliant transition region, provides an effective surface-reinforcement strategy for improving the wear resistance, corrosion behavior, and mechanical reliability of die-casting machine platens.</p>

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Wire-Arc Directed Energy Deposition of INO X307 Cladding for Platens of Die-Casting Machines

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Tao Wang,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Wangping Wu,
  • Sheng Lin,
  • Guangyuan Wang,
  • Xiaoyan Li,
  • Qinqin Wang

摘要

Die-casting machine platens suffer from severe mechanical deformation, wear, and corrosion during long-term service. In this study, an INO X307 alloy layer was deposited onto an AISI 4130 steel substrate using wire-arc directed energy deposition (WA-DED) to enhance surface performance. The cladded layer is mainly composed of γ-austenite with a small amount of residual α-ferrite. A distinct transition region forms at the interface due to elemental diffusion, exhibiting a mixed γ/α dual-phase structure with refined equiaxed grains and a compositional gradient, which contributes to strong metallurgical bonding. The cladded layer shows a significantly enhanced average microhardness of 187.2 ± 9.1 HV0.2 compared with the substrate. Tensile tests reveal high mechanical strength of the cladded layer, reaching 1019 ± 18.8 MPa in the vertical direction and 954 ± 44 MPa in the horizontal direction. In contrast, the transition region exhibits a lower ultimate tensile strength of approximately 653 MPa but much higher ductility, with elongation values of 22.7-26.2%, enabling effective stress accommodation and stable load transfer across the interface. Wear tests demonstrate a reduced wear rate of 2.33 × 10−4mm3/Nm for the cladded layer, while electrochemical measurements indicate superior corrosion resistance, characterized by a lower corrosion current density of 1.227 × 10−6 A·cm−2 and a higher charge-transfer resistance. These results confirm that the INO X307 cladded layer, together with its mechanically compliant transition region, provides an effective surface-reinforcement strategy for improving the wear resistance, corrosion behavior, and mechanical reliability of die-casting machine platens.