<p>In this work, carbon-fiber (CF)-reinforced polyether ether ketone (PEEK) composite powder was prepared through ultrasonic-water bath synergistic dispersion, with subsequent deposition of CF/PEEK (carbon-fiber-reinforced polyether ether ketone) coatings via flame spraying. The morphology and structural characteristics of the composite coating were observed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results indicated that carbon fibers exhibit good dispersion in polyetheretherketone, flame spraying transformed the CF/PEEK composite material from an amorphous state to a semicrystalline state, accompanied by the formation of new characteristic peaks. Additionally, the microhardness of the prepared composite coating was 41.84 Hv_0.1. The contact angle of the composite coating was 96.06 degrees, which can block medium penetration and enhance corrosion resistance of the coating/substrate system. The corrosion resistance of the CF/PEEK coating/316L substrate system was quantitatively evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The initial corrosion current density of the coating was 4.873 × 10⁻⁹ (A·cm⁻²), with a polarization resistance of 8.39 × 10⁶ (Ω·cm²). After 720 h of atmospheric corrosion and 1200 h of immersion corrosion, the CF/PEEK coating effectively enhances the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel, indicating long-term protective capability in corrosive environments.</p>