<p>Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) nanocomposite coatings with diverse dimensional carbon nano-fillers to achieve low friction and low wear of moving mechanical parts in severe application conditions were not the same as the bulk polymer nanocomposites due to their special manufacturing processes. Herein, the flame spray processes were utilized to fabricate the PEEK and carbon fibers/PEEK (CFs/PEEK) nanocomposite coatings with one-dimensional carbon nanofibers (CNFs), two-dimensional graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and three-dimensional graphite nanoparticles (GNPs) in contents of 1.0 and 5.0 wt.%. The CNFs, GNSs and GNPs in low content restricted the formation of large voids in flame-sprayed CFs/PEEK nanocomposite coatings. The introducing of three kinds of carbon nano-fillers aggravated the thermal degradation of PEEK matrix in flame-sprayed PEEK and CFs/PEEK nanocomposite coatings. The specific wear rates of CNFs/CFs/PEEK, GNSs/CFs/PEEK and GNPs/CFs/PEEK nanocomposite coatings were one order of magnitude below those of CNFs/PEEK, GNSs/PEEK and GNPs/PEEK nanocomposites coatings. The incorporation of one-dimensional CNFs with superior mechanical properties reduced the fatigue and adhesive wear of nanocomposite coatings. The large voids aroused by the agglomeration of two-dimensional GNSs aggravated the wear loss of nanocomposite coatings. The three-dimensional GNPs with high graphite degree preserving the superior lubrication effect exhibited the enhanced lubrication role in nanocomposite coatings.</p>