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<p>Enhancing hardenability to ensure microstructural and property homogeneity in the through-thickness direction is a critical technical challenge in the production of heavy-gage steel plates for hydropower applications. In this study, the variations in hardenability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of three hydropower steels with different vanadium contents were systematically investigated using JMatPro simulation, Jominy end-quench tests, and mechanical property testing. The results indicate that increasing the V content from 0 to 0.09 wt.% markedly shifts the ferrite transformation region to the right and downward in the continuous cooling transformation curves, while the pearlite region exhibits only a slight change. Consequently, diffusional phase transformations are retarded, and the critical cooling rate is reduced, leading to a significant improvement in hardenability. Specifically, the ideal critical diameter derived from Jominy tests increased from approximately 80.1 to 90.4&#xa0;mm. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the 0.09 wt.%&#xa0;V steel increased to 874.5 and 1025.2&#xa0;MPa, respectively, compared with 726.1 and 828.2&#xa0;MPa for the V-free steel. However, the low-temperature toughness decreased noticeably at high V content, with the − 60&#xa0;°C impact energy decreasing from 170.4 for the 0&#xa0;V steel to 160.1&#xa0;J for the 0.045 wt.%&#xa0;V steel and further decreasing to 63.2&#xa0;J for the 0.09 wt.%&#xa0;V steel. These findings suggest that V addition enhances both hardenability and strength, while requiring a balance with low-temperature toughness. This work provides an experimental basis and theoretical reference for optimizing alloy design and achieving microstructural and property homogeneity in heavy-gage hydropower steel plates.</p>

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Effect of Vanadium Content on Hardenability and Mechanical Properties of Hydropower Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Peng Zhang,
  • Youhao Zhang,
  • Zhijun Zhang,
  • Shan Zhang,
  • Yifan Zhang,
  • Jingtian You,
  • Xiaoshu Wang

摘要

Enhancing hardenability to ensure microstructural and property homogeneity in the through-thickness direction is a critical technical challenge in the production of heavy-gage steel plates for hydropower applications. In this study, the variations in hardenability, microstructure, and mechanical properties of three hydropower steels with different vanadium contents were systematically investigated using JMatPro simulation, Jominy end-quench tests, and mechanical property testing. The results indicate that increasing the V content from 0 to 0.09 wt.% markedly shifts the ferrite transformation region to the right and downward in the continuous cooling transformation curves, while the pearlite region exhibits only a slight change. Consequently, diffusional phase transformations are retarded, and the critical cooling rate is reduced, leading to a significant improvement in hardenability. Specifically, the ideal critical diameter derived from Jominy tests increased from approximately 80.1 to 90.4 mm. The yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the 0.09 wt.% V steel increased to 874.5 and 1025.2 MPa, respectively, compared with 726.1 and 828.2 MPa for the V-free steel. However, the low-temperature toughness decreased noticeably at high V content, with the − 60 °C impact energy decreasing from 170.4 for the 0 V steel to 160.1 J for the 0.045 wt.% V steel and further decreasing to 63.2 J for the 0.09 wt.% V steel. These findings suggest that V addition enhances both hardenability and strength, while requiring a balance with low-temperature toughness. This work provides an experimental basis and theoretical reference for optimizing alloy design and achieving microstructural and property homogeneity in heavy-gage hydropower steel plates.