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<p>This study evaluates the influence of post-boriding heat treatments on the practical adhesion of Fe<sub>2</sub>B layer formed on AISI 4140 steel. Boriding was performed at 900&#xa0;°C for 0.5&#xa0;h using the powder-pack method, producing a compact Fe<sub>2</sub>B layer with an average thickness of 23 ± 1.7&#xa0;µm. Subsequently, the borided samples were subjected to martempering (BM) and austempering (BA) after austenitizing at 855&#xa0;°C under controlled cooling conditions, resulting in layer thicknesses of 19.55 ± 1.31&#xa0;µm (BM) and 23.05 ± 1.33&#xa0;µm (BA). Instrumented microhardness measurements (250 mN), elastic modulus profiles, and residual stress analysis revealed that post-heat treatments significantly modified the mechanical compatibility between the Fe<sub>2</sub>B layer and the substrate. While the conventional borided condition (B) exhibited a pronounced hardness and modulus mismatch, BM and BA promoted smoother mechanical gradients due to the formation of martensitic and bainitic microstructures, respectively. In addition, deeper and more stable compressive residual stress fields were observed under post-treatment conditions. Progressive load scratch tests (1-100 N) showed that the borided/substrate system failed by Hertzian cracking, chipping, and delamination. In contrast, BM and BA exhibited predominantly plastic deformation along the scratch track, without severe interfacial failure. Among the evaluated conditions, the austempered system (BA) demonstrated the highest resistance to damage, indicating superior stress redistribution and interfacial stability. The results demonstrate that martempering and austempering effectively optimize the mechanical transition at the Fe<sub>2</sub>B/AISI 4140 interface, significantly enhancing practical adhesion under progressive loading conditions (BA &gt; BM &gt; B).</p>

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Post-boriding Heat Treatment Effects on the Adhesion Properties of AISI 4140 Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • J. Martínez-Trinidad,
  • O. Arrocena-Martínez,
  • L. A. Moreno-Pacheco,
  • O. Quintana-Hernández,
  • W. D. Wong-Ángel,
  • R. A. García-León

摘要

This study evaluates the influence of post-boriding heat treatments on the practical adhesion of Fe2B layer formed on AISI 4140 steel. Boriding was performed at 900 °C for 0.5 h using the powder-pack method, producing a compact Fe2B layer with an average thickness of 23 ± 1.7 µm. Subsequently, the borided samples were subjected to martempering (BM) and austempering (BA) after austenitizing at 855 °C under controlled cooling conditions, resulting in layer thicknesses of 19.55 ± 1.31 µm (BM) and 23.05 ± 1.33 µm (BA). Instrumented microhardness measurements (250 mN), elastic modulus profiles, and residual stress analysis revealed that post-heat treatments significantly modified the mechanical compatibility between the Fe2B layer and the substrate. While the conventional borided condition (B) exhibited a pronounced hardness and modulus mismatch, BM and BA promoted smoother mechanical gradients due to the formation of martensitic and bainitic microstructures, respectively. In addition, deeper and more stable compressive residual stress fields were observed under post-treatment conditions. Progressive load scratch tests (1-100 N) showed that the borided/substrate system failed by Hertzian cracking, chipping, and delamination. In contrast, BM and BA exhibited predominantly plastic deformation along the scratch track, without severe interfacial failure. Among the evaluated conditions, the austempered system (BA) demonstrated the highest resistance to damage, indicating superior stress redistribution and interfacial stability. The results demonstrate that martempering and austempering effectively optimize the mechanical transition at the Fe2B/AISI 4140 interface, significantly enhancing practical adhesion under progressive loading conditions (BA > BM > B).