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<p>The effects of tool pin and shoulder diameters on the microstructure and mechanical performance of friction stir processed AZ41 magnesium alloy were systematically investigated. Five tool configurations were examined. The optimal parameters (19&#xa0;mm shoulder, 3&#xa0;mm pin; Sample E) produced the smallest average grain size (0.39&#xa0;<i>µ</i>m) and the highest hardness, with a stir zone (SZ) peak of 80&#xa0;HV and an average hardness of 75.3&#xa0;HV, compared to the base metal value of ~ 66&#xa0;HV. This corresponds to an increase of about 14&#xa0;HV over the base material. The same condition also exhibited superior tensile properties, with an ultimate tensile strength (<i>σ</i><sub>UTS</sub>) of 350 ± 5&#xa0;MPa, yield stress (<i>σ</i><sub>YS</sub>) of 289 ± 3&#xa0;MPa, fracture stress (<i>σ</i><sub>f</sub>) of 315 ± 4.5&#xa0;MPa, and elongation of 12.0 ± 0.4%. These findings highlight the role of optimized pin/shoulder geometry in refining the microstructure and significantly enhancing both strength and ductility.</p>

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Investigation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ41 Mg Alloy after Friction Stir Processing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Y. Naghshin,
  • A. R. Eivani,
  • M. Mehdizade,
  • H. Sadegi,
  • H. R. Jafarian

摘要

The effects of tool pin and shoulder diameters on the microstructure and mechanical performance of friction stir processed AZ41 magnesium alloy were systematically investigated. Five tool configurations were examined. The optimal parameters (19 mm shoulder, 3 mm pin; Sample E) produced the smallest average grain size (0.39 µm) and the highest hardness, with a stir zone (SZ) peak of 80 HV and an average hardness of 75.3 HV, compared to the base metal value of ~ 66 HV. This corresponds to an increase of about 14 HV over the base material. The same condition also exhibited superior tensile properties, with an ultimate tensile strength (σUTS) of 350 ± 5 MPa, yield stress (σYS) of 289 ± 3 MPa, fracture stress (σf) of 315 ± 4.5 MPa, and elongation of 12.0 ± 0.4%. These findings highlight the role of optimized pin/shoulder geometry in refining the microstructure and significantly enhancing both strength and ductility.