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<p>This study investigates the microstructural evolution and tribological performance of TiC coatings produced on compacted graphite iron (CGI) via thermo-reactive diffusion at 800, 900, and 1000&#xa0;°C. Increasing the processing temperature promoted coating growth from 2.16 to 6.36&#xa0;µm and enhanced surface hardness to approximately 2000&#xa0;HV while triggering a significant reduction in substrate hardness down to a minimum of 130&#xa0;HV. Phase analyses confirmed the formation of an FCC-TiC phase and revealed traces of near-surface martensitic transformation at higher temperatures. At room temperature, the 800&#xa0;°C treatment represented the optimal performance window, achieving a 2.28-fold increase in wear resistance due to sufficient substrate support. Conversely, the 1000&#xa0;°C treatment led to catastrophic eggshell effect failure driven by the softened matrix. At 500&#xa0;°C, all coated specimens exhibited higher wear rates than untreated CGI due to the synergy between thermal matrix softening and aggressive third-body abrasion from fragmented coating debris. These findings demonstrate that the durability of TiC-coated CGI is governed by the synergistic stability of the coating–substrate system rather than surface hardness in isolation.</p>

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Influence of Thermo-Reactive Diffusion Processing Temperature on the Microstructure and Tribological Performance of TiC-Coated Compacted Graphite Iron at Room and Elevated Temperatures

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Faruk Çavdar

摘要

This study investigates the microstructural evolution and tribological performance of TiC coatings produced on compacted graphite iron (CGI) via thermo-reactive diffusion at 800, 900, and 1000 °C. Increasing the processing temperature promoted coating growth from 2.16 to 6.36 µm and enhanced surface hardness to approximately 2000 HV while triggering a significant reduction in substrate hardness down to a minimum of 130 HV. Phase analyses confirmed the formation of an FCC-TiC phase and revealed traces of near-surface martensitic transformation at higher temperatures. At room temperature, the 800 °C treatment represented the optimal performance window, achieving a 2.28-fold increase in wear resistance due to sufficient substrate support. Conversely, the 1000 °C treatment led to catastrophic eggshell effect failure driven by the softened matrix. At 500 °C, all coated specimens exhibited higher wear rates than untreated CGI due to the synergy between thermal matrix softening and aggressive third-body abrasion from fragmented coating debris. These findings demonstrate that the durability of TiC-coated CGI is governed by the synergistic stability of the coating–substrate system rather than surface hardness in isolation.