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<p>316L austenitic stainless steel is widely used in high-end fields such as petrochemical engineering and medical devices due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Selective laser melting (SLM), as an additive manufacturing technology under vacuum conditions, provides a new approach for the efficient fabrication of complex-structured components. However, due to its unique microstructure and defects, the hot deformation behavior of SLM-fabricated materials differs from that of traditionally rolled ones. To investigate the hot deformation and microstructural evolution of SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steel, hot compression tests were conducted on a Gleeble-3800 machine at temperatures of 900-1200&#xa0;°C and strain rates of 0.001-1&#xa0;s<sup>-1</sup>. Microstructural characterizations were performed using optical microscopy (OM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques, and hot processing maps were constructed to evaluate the hot working stability. The results demonstrate that the rolled-316L stainless steel exhibits higher flow stress and deformation resistance. In contrast, SLM-fabricated 316L, featured with high defect density and pronounced elemental segregation, presents work hardening behavior comparable to that of its rolled counterpart at the early deformation stage and is more susceptible to dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Processing maps reveal that the SLM-fabricated 316L has a smaller rheological instability region and superior hot working stability compared with the rolled-316L, with a stable processing window in the medium temperature/medium strain-rate range. Factors including temperature gradients, pore defects, interlayer microstructural inhomogeneity during SLM fabrication, and phase transformation during hot deformation lead to irregular fluctuations in the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) under different processing conditions. This study provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for material selection and hot processing parameter optimization of 316L stainless steel in various industrial applications.</p>

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Research and Comparison of Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure Evolution of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel in Two Organizational States

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Xu Qiao,
  • Fei Chen,
  • Rongbin Li,
  • Yongxing Jiao,
  • Fei Li,
  • Zhengang Du

摘要

316L austenitic stainless steel is widely used in high-end fields such as petrochemical engineering and medical devices due to its excellent corrosion resistance and mechanical properties. Selective laser melting (SLM), as an additive manufacturing technology under vacuum conditions, provides a new approach for the efficient fabrication of complex-structured components. However, due to its unique microstructure and defects, the hot deformation behavior of SLM-fabricated materials differs from that of traditionally rolled ones. To investigate the hot deformation and microstructural evolution of SLM-fabricated 316L stainless steel, hot compression tests were conducted on a Gleeble-3800 machine at temperatures of 900-1200 °C and strain rates of 0.001-1 s-1. Microstructural characterizations were performed using optical microscopy (OM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques, and hot processing maps were constructed to evaluate the hot working stability. The results demonstrate that the rolled-316L stainless steel exhibits higher flow stress and deformation resistance. In contrast, SLM-fabricated 316L, featured with high defect density and pronounced elemental segregation, presents work hardening behavior comparable to that of its rolled counterpart at the early deformation stage and is more susceptible to dynamic recrystallization (DRX). Processing maps reveal that the SLM-fabricated 316L has a smaller rheological instability region and superior hot working stability compared with the rolled-316L, with a stable processing window in the medium temperature/medium strain-rate range. Factors including temperature gradients, pore defects, interlayer microstructural inhomogeneity during SLM fabrication, and phase transformation during hot deformation lead to irregular fluctuations in the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) under different processing conditions. This study provides theoretical insights and practical guidance for material selection and hot processing parameter optimization of 316L stainless steel in various industrial applications.