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<p>Nickel-cobalt (Ni-Co) alloy electroformed layers are widely used in aerospace, electronics, and precision manufacturing due to their outstanding mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and magnetic characteristics. In this study, a dual-anode electroforming technique was employed to systematically investigate the effects of cobalt ion (Co<sup>2+</sup>) concentration and current density on the surface morphology, microhardness, and magnetic properties of Ni-Co alloy deposits. The results demonstrate that increasing the Co<sup>2+</sup> concentration not only enhances the deposition rate but also increases the cobalt content in the electroformed layer, thereby improving the alloy’s performance. Higher current density leads to grain refinement, resulting in improved surface morphology and overall layer quality. Notably, under zero initial Co<sup>2+</sup> conditions, significant differences in surface roughness and microhardness were observed between layers formed at current densities of 1 and 2&#xa0;A/dm<sup>2</sup>; the microhardness increased from 382.8 to 487.7&#xa0;HV, representing a 27% improvement. Furthermore, within the studied cobalt content range (up to ~ 16%), higher cobalt content reduced coercivity and hysteresis losses, making these alloys suitable for applications requiring frequent magnetization-demagnetization cycles. These findings highlight the importance of precise control over current density and deposition time to optimize surface roughness and ensure consistent layer performance.</p>

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Effect of Cobalt Ion Concentration in Electrolyte Bath on Properties of Electroformed Ni-Co Alloys

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月21日

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  • Zhaolong Feng,
  • Shuangqing Qian,
  • Hua Zhang,
  • Jiajie Fan,
  • Xiaofeng Wan,
  • Yong Zhang

摘要

Nickel-cobalt (Ni-Co) alloy electroformed layers are widely used in aerospace, electronics, and precision manufacturing due to their outstanding mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and magnetic characteristics. In this study, a dual-anode electroforming technique was employed to systematically investigate the effects of cobalt ion (Co2+) concentration and current density on the surface morphology, microhardness, and magnetic properties of Ni-Co alloy deposits. The results demonstrate that increasing the Co2+ concentration not only enhances the deposition rate but also increases the cobalt content in the electroformed layer, thereby improving the alloy’s performance. Higher current density leads to grain refinement, resulting in improved surface morphology and overall layer quality. Notably, under zero initial Co2+ conditions, significant differences in surface roughness and microhardness were observed between layers formed at current densities of 1 and 2 A/dm2; the microhardness increased from 382.8 to 487.7 HV, representing a 27% improvement. Furthermore, within the studied cobalt content range (up to ~ 16%), higher cobalt content reduced coercivity and hysteresis losses, making these alloys suitable for applications requiring frequent magnetization-demagnetization cycles. These findings highlight the importance of precise control over current density and deposition time to optimize surface roughness and ensure consistent layer performance.