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<p>Hydroxyapatite (HA) created from the biowaste of freshwater fish <i>Puntius conchonius</i> has been used in this research as a sustainable biomaterial to produce an advanced composite bone scaffold. This scaffolding was manufactured by incorporating fish bone-derived HA into a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer matrix. PMMA was incorporated into the scaffolds in amounts of 3.3, 6.6, and 9.9% with PLGA to enhance the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. It was hypothesized that by adding PMMA, the mechanical strength and structural integrity of the scaffolds would be improved while still maintaining a 70:30 (w/w) ratio of PMMA to HA in each of the scaffolding systems. Characterization of the scaffolds revealed that the HPLPM 6.6 scaffold containing 6.6% PMMA possessed the most favorable physico-mechanical characteristics as shown by the data, including increased hardness and compressive strength than any other scaffolding system tested. In-vitro tests showed that the HPLPM 6.6 scaffold possessed the highest level of biodegradability. In addition, the scaffolding systems displayed biocompatibility and supported cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation as determined by biocompatibility assays, showing its ability to regenerate bone structures. The scaffold also showed bioactivity by promoting the deposition of apatite minerals, which are critical for bone healing. The combined approaches of sustainable material sourcing, tailored mechanical properties, and excellent biological performance underscore its potential in advanced bone tissue engineering applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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PMMA-Integrated Fish Bone Biowaste-Derived HA-PLGA Scaffolds: Mechanical Strength and Biological Efficacy in Bone Tissue Engineering

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月18日

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  • Payel Deb,
  • Sumit Das Lala,
  • Emon Barua,
  • Amitabha Nath,
  • Ashish B. Deoghare

摘要

Hydroxyapatite (HA) created from the biowaste of freshwater fish Puntius conchonius has been used in this research as a sustainable biomaterial to produce an advanced composite bone scaffold. This scaffolding was manufactured by incorporating fish bone-derived HA into a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer matrix. PMMA was incorporated into the scaffolds in amounts of 3.3, 6.6, and 9.9% with PLGA to enhance the mechanical properties of the scaffolds. It was hypothesized that by adding PMMA, the mechanical strength and structural integrity of the scaffolds would be improved while still maintaining a 70:30 (w/w) ratio of PMMA to HA in each of the scaffolding systems. Characterization of the scaffolds revealed that the HPLPM 6.6 scaffold containing 6.6% PMMA possessed the most favorable physico-mechanical characteristics as shown by the data, including increased hardness and compressive strength than any other scaffolding system tested. In-vitro tests showed that the HPLPM 6.6 scaffold possessed the highest level of biodegradability. In addition, the scaffolding systems displayed biocompatibility and supported cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation as determined by biocompatibility assays, showing its ability to regenerate bone structures. The scaffold also showed bioactivity by promoting the deposition of apatite minerals, which are critical for bone healing. The combined approaches of sustainable material sourcing, tailored mechanical properties, and excellent biological performance underscore its potential in advanced bone tissue engineering applications.

Graphical Abstract