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<p>Nearshore cement soil foundations face simultaneous degradation from seawater ionic attack, wet–dry cycling, and cyclic dynamic loads from traffic and waves. This study investigates the reinforcing effects of a binary admixture of nano-silica (NS) and basalt fiber (BF) on cement-treated soil. Through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, cyclic loading–unloading tests, SEM, and XRD, the strength degradation, fatigue resistance, and micromechanisms were evaluated. Results show that the combined incorporation of 3.2% NS and 0.3% BF resulted in UCS improvements of 329 and 384% relative to plain cement-stabilized soil after 28 freshwater and seawater wet–dry cycles, respectively. Following 28 seawater wet–dry cycles, the mass retention rate of the composite-modified specimens remained above 97%, compared to only 93.7% for plain cement-stabilized soil. Under cyclic loading, plain cement soil failed at amplitudes above 0.5&#xa0;kN, whereas the NS-BF composite exhibited superior fatigue resistance, showing a 19.4% lower hysteresis loop area than NS-only samples at 1&#xa0;kN and the lowest cumulative plastic strain across all amplitudes. Microstructural analysis reveals that NS promotes pozzolanic reactions, producing additional C-S-H gel that densifies the matrix and limits sulfate-induced ettringite formation. Simultaneously, BF bridges microcracks and develops a high-strength interfacial transition zone due to C-S-H encapsulation. This synergistic NS-BF mechanism collectively improves both the dynamic mechanical stability and durability of cement soil in marine environments, thereby providing experimental evidence and theoretical support for the optimized design of offshore deep cement mixing pile engineering subjected to the combined effects of seawater corrosion and wet–dry cycling.</p>

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Performance and Micromechanisms of Nano-SiO2 and Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Cement Soil under Marine Environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月7日

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  • Qingsheng Chen,
  • Wenjuan Wang,
  • Gaoliang Tao,
  • Jinhui Li,
  • Shaozhen Wan,
  • Sanjay Nimbalkar,
  • Dezheng Zhang

摘要

Nearshore cement soil foundations face simultaneous degradation from seawater ionic attack, wet–dry cycling, and cyclic dynamic loads from traffic and waves. This study investigates the reinforcing effects of a binary admixture of nano-silica (NS) and basalt fiber (BF) on cement-treated soil. Through unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests, cyclic loading–unloading tests, SEM, and XRD, the strength degradation, fatigue resistance, and micromechanisms were evaluated. Results show that the combined incorporation of 3.2% NS and 0.3% BF resulted in UCS improvements of 329 and 384% relative to plain cement-stabilized soil after 28 freshwater and seawater wet–dry cycles, respectively. Following 28 seawater wet–dry cycles, the mass retention rate of the composite-modified specimens remained above 97%, compared to only 93.7% for plain cement-stabilized soil. Under cyclic loading, plain cement soil failed at amplitudes above 0.5 kN, whereas the NS-BF composite exhibited superior fatigue resistance, showing a 19.4% lower hysteresis loop area than NS-only samples at 1 kN and the lowest cumulative plastic strain across all amplitudes. Microstructural analysis reveals that NS promotes pozzolanic reactions, producing additional C-S-H gel that densifies the matrix and limits sulfate-induced ettringite formation. Simultaneously, BF bridges microcracks and develops a high-strength interfacial transition zone due to C-S-H encapsulation. This synergistic NS-BF mechanism collectively improves both the dynamic mechanical stability and durability of cement soil in marine environments, thereby providing experimental evidence and theoretical support for the optimized design of offshore deep cement mixing pile engineering subjected to the combined effects of seawater corrosion and wet–dry cycling.