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<p>Many patients suffer from hypersensitivity to metal dental implants. Reactions to titanium, cobalt chromium, or nickel alloys trigger chronic inflammation and pain. Such issues frequently cause premature implant failure. Non-metal alternatives currently available, including zirconia and PEEK lack both the mechanical strength and wear resistance required for long term load bearing. To solve this, this research developed the new hybrid composite using a polyester matrix. The goal was to create a metal-free material that matches the performance of traditional alloys. It also had to be safe for human cells. The specimens are fabricated by compression moulding. The five formulations of polyester matrix reinforced with alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), zirconia (ZrO<sub>2</sub>), and E-glass fibres. Samples was tested against standard ASTM protocols for compression, flexural strength, wear, and impact. Assessment included an MTT assay on MG 63 osteoblast like cells to check cytocompatibility. The formulation with 90% polyester matrix achieved the highest compressive strength (109.9&#xa0;MPa), flexural strength (484.89&#xa0;MPa), lowest specific wear rate (3.1 × 10<sup>−5</sup>&#xa0;mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm) and maximum impact strength (92.64&#xa0;kJ/m<sup>2</sup>). All composites showed cell viability above 80%, confirming non-toxicity. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among formulations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and a cost analysis estimated material and processing costs below $9&#xa0;per implant far lower than titanium. The synergy between ceramic reinforcements and E-glass fibres significantly enhances mechanical integrity without compromising biocompatibility. It also offers durability without hypersensitivity risks.</p>

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Development and Evaluation of Alumina–Zirconia–E-Glass Reinforced Polyester Composites for Dental Implant Applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • T. Prakash,
  • K. Chockalingam,
  • M. Emayavarambhan,
  • M. Karthic

摘要

Many patients suffer from hypersensitivity to metal dental implants. Reactions to titanium, cobalt chromium, or nickel alloys trigger chronic inflammation and pain. Such issues frequently cause premature implant failure. Non-metal alternatives currently available, including zirconia and PEEK lack both the mechanical strength and wear resistance required for long term load bearing. To solve this, this research developed the new hybrid composite using a polyester matrix. The goal was to create a metal-free material that matches the performance of traditional alloys. It also had to be safe for human cells. The specimens are fabricated by compression moulding. The five formulations of polyester matrix reinforced with alumina (Al2O3), zirconia (ZrO2), and E-glass fibres. Samples was tested against standard ASTM protocols for compression, flexural strength, wear, and impact. Assessment included an MTT assay on MG 63 osteoblast like cells to check cytocompatibility. The formulation with 90% polyester matrix achieved the highest compressive strength (109.9 MPa), flexural strength (484.89 MPa), lowest specific wear rate (3.1 × 10−5 mm3/Nm) and maximum impact strength (92.64 kJ/m2). All composites showed cell viability above 80%, confirming non-toxicity. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences among formulations (p < 0.05), and a cost analysis estimated material and processing costs below $9 per implant far lower than titanium. The synergy between ceramic reinforcements and E-glass fibres significantly enhances mechanical integrity without compromising biocompatibility. It also offers durability without hypersensitivity risks.