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<p>Metal additive manufacturing has emerged as a transformative technology in producing complex, high-performance components. However, achieving a high-quality surface finish remains a critical challenge, particularly for applications requiring minimal post-processing. This study investigates the influence of vacuum pressure on the surface finish of 17-4 PH stainless steel parts fabricated through fused deposition modeling (FDM). Surface quality is crucial for the performance of metal components and post-processing requirements. By systematically varying vacuum pressure levels at 0, 10, and 20&#xa0;bar during the 3D printing process, this research aims to identify correlations between vacuum pressure and surface roughness, as well as mechanical properties. A set of 17-4 PH samples was produced using vacuum-assisted fused deposition modeling (VA-FDM), followed by debinding and sintering steps. Surface roughness parameters (Ra) were measured, and tensile strength was assessed using a tensile test, with the results analyzed using profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings indicate that optimized vacuum pressure can significantly improve the strength and mechanical properties of the samples; however, the other parameters, such as layer height and printing speed, reduce the surface irregularities, thereby improving surface finish and minimizing the need for post-processing. This study optimizes processing parameters in metal AM, particularly for cost-sensitive or high-precision applications.</p>

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Surface Finish and Tensile Test Analysis in Metal Additive Manufacturing: A Study of Vacuum Pressure Influence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月22日

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  • Norilani Md Nor Hayati,
  • Shajahan Maidin,
  • Shafinaz Ismail,
  • Sivarao A. L. Subramonian,
  • Hambali Arep Ariff

摘要

Metal additive manufacturing has emerged as a transformative technology in producing complex, high-performance components. However, achieving a high-quality surface finish remains a critical challenge, particularly for applications requiring minimal post-processing. This study investigates the influence of vacuum pressure on the surface finish of 17-4 PH stainless steel parts fabricated through fused deposition modeling (FDM). Surface quality is crucial for the performance of metal components and post-processing requirements. By systematically varying vacuum pressure levels at 0, 10, and 20 bar during the 3D printing process, this research aims to identify correlations between vacuum pressure and surface roughness, as well as mechanical properties. A set of 17-4 PH samples was produced using vacuum-assisted fused deposition modeling (VA-FDM), followed by debinding and sintering steps. Surface roughness parameters (Ra) were measured, and tensile strength was assessed using a tensile test, with the results analyzed using profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings indicate that optimized vacuum pressure can significantly improve the strength and mechanical properties of the samples; however, the other parameters, such as layer height and printing speed, reduce the surface irregularities, thereby improving surface finish and minimizing the need for post-processing. This study optimizes processing parameters in metal AM, particularly for cost-sensitive or high-precision applications.