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<p>The present study focuses on the fabrication of TiC particle-reinforced ferritic stainless steel (SS 434L) composite block-shaped parts using an in-house designed semiautomatic selective laser melting (SLM) system. By varying the laser power, stand-off distance and layer thickness, a suitable processing condition for the deposition of a uniform powder layer was identified. Thereafter, using two distinct scanning strategies, 10×10×15 mm<sup>3</sup> block-shaped parts were fabricated, and their macro- and microstructural characteristics and mechanical performances were analyzed. The SEM images and XRD analysis of the fabricated parts revealed unmelted and partially melted TiC particles embedded in the steel matrix, along with the formation of other metallic carbides (Cr<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, Cr<sub>23</sub>C<sub>6</sub>, FeC). The fabricated parts exhibited approximately 75.5% relative density, largely due to the adoption of high layer thickness and balling effects, which led to porosity in the specimen. High microhardness (549 HV<sub>0.05</sub>) and wear resistance (nearly twice that of wrought mild steel) indicate the potential of the fabricated composite for use in wear-resistant components. Nevertheless, the incorporation of the reinforced particles significantly reduced the corrosion resistance of the SLM-processed TiC-SS 434L composite.</p>

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TiC-SS 434L Composite Part Fabricated by Powder Bed Fusion Selective Laser Melting Technique: Influence of Larger Layer Thickness and Altered Scan Strategies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Dikshyanta Sahoo,
  • Manoj Masanta

摘要

The present study focuses on the fabrication of TiC particle-reinforced ferritic stainless steel (SS 434L) composite block-shaped parts using an in-house designed semiautomatic selective laser melting (SLM) system. By varying the laser power, stand-off distance and layer thickness, a suitable processing condition for the deposition of a uniform powder layer was identified. Thereafter, using two distinct scanning strategies, 10×10×15 mm3 block-shaped parts were fabricated, and their macro- and microstructural characteristics and mechanical performances were analyzed. The SEM images and XRD analysis of the fabricated parts revealed unmelted and partially melted TiC particles embedded in the steel matrix, along with the formation of other metallic carbides (Cr7C3, Cr23C6, FeC). The fabricated parts exhibited approximately 75.5% relative density, largely due to the adoption of high layer thickness and balling effects, which led to porosity in the specimen. High microhardness (549 HV0.05) and wear resistance (nearly twice that of wrought mild steel) indicate the potential of the fabricated composite for use in wear-resistant components. Nevertheless, the incorporation of the reinforced particles significantly reduced the corrosion resistance of the SLM-processed TiC-SS 434L composite.