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<p>Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) reinforced with nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is a promising material for load-bearing biomedical applications; however, achieving uniform dispersion and consistent performance in additively manufactured composites remains challenging. This study develops PEEK/nHA composites (0-24&#xa0;wt.%) using silane-treated nHA, melt compounding, filament extrusion, and high-temperature fused filament fabrication(FFF). The results show that nHA content strongly influences dispersion, crystallinity, and mechanical performance. The 16&#xa0;wt.% nHA composite exhibited the best overall properties, with tensile strength of 91.8&#xa0;MPa, flexural strength of 170.4&#xa0;MPa, compressive strength of 155.7&#xa0;MPa, and impact strength of 29.7&#xa0;kJ/m<sup>2</sup>. Microstructural analyses (SEM, EDX) confirmed uniform dispersion at lower loadings and agglomeration at 24&#xa0;wt.%, leading to reduced performance. XRD indicated increased crystallinity with nHA addition, while FTIR verified effective interfacial bonding. Overall, this work establishes clear processing–structure–property relationships and identifies an optimal reinforcement level for reliable performance. Further biological evaluation is required to confirm suitability for biomedical applications.</p>

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Mechanical Properties and Morphological Studies of PEEK+nHA Polymer Matrix Composite for Biomedical Applications Using 3D Printing Technology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月19日

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  • Moinuddin S K,
  • Syed Zameer,
  • Mohammed Mohsin Ali H,
  • Ahmed Kateb Jumaah Al-Nussairi,
  • Abdul Amir H. Kadhum,
  • Aseel Smerat,
  • Md Amir Khan

摘要

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) reinforced with nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) is a promising material for load-bearing biomedical applications; however, achieving uniform dispersion and consistent performance in additively manufactured composites remains challenging. This study develops PEEK/nHA composites (0-24 wt.%) using silane-treated nHA, melt compounding, filament extrusion, and high-temperature fused filament fabrication(FFF). The results show that nHA content strongly influences dispersion, crystallinity, and mechanical performance. The 16 wt.% nHA composite exhibited the best overall properties, with tensile strength of 91.8 MPa, flexural strength of 170.4 MPa, compressive strength of 155.7 MPa, and impact strength of 29.7 kJ/m2. Microstructural analyses (SEM, EDX) confirmed uniform dispersion at lower loadings and agglomeration at 24 wt.%, leading to reduced performance. XRD indicated increased crystallinity with nHA addition, while FTIR verified effective interfacial bonding. Overall, this work establishes clear processing–structure–property relationships and identifies an optimal reinforcement level for reliable performance. Further biological evaluation is required to confirm suitability for biomedical applications.