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<p>Dissimilar joining of copper and titanium is widely required in aerospace structures and electrolytic copper equipment because these applications demand both high electrical conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance. However, the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds severely degrades the mechanical performance of Cu-Ti joints during conventional welding processes. In this study, vanadium transition layers with varying thicknesses were introduced to regulate interfacial reactions and improve joint performance during laser welding. The effects of transition layer thickness on weld formation, microstructure evolution, phase composition, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Microstructure and phase constituents were characterized by using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile testing and microhardness measurements. The results indicate that increasing the thickness of the vanadium transition layer suppresses the formation of brittle Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds and promotes the formation of Ti-Cu-V mixed phases and Ti-V solid solutions. When the transition layer thickness increases from 0.2 to 0.6&#xa0;mm, the tensile strength of the joint increases significantly from 87 to 172&#xa0;MPa. Meanwhile, the hardness distribution becomes more uniform, ranging from 421 to 479 HV. Fracture occurs at the weld center and exhibits typical brittle characteristics. These findings demonstrate that an appropriately designed vanadium transition layer can control interfacial reactions and significantly enhance the mechanical performance of Cu-Ti dissimilar joints. This approach shows strong potential for high-performance dissimilar metal welding applications.</p>

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Microstructure Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Cu-Ti Dissimilar Joints with V Transition Layer by Laser Welding

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Yucheng Xing,
  • Pingze Zhang

摘要

Dissimilar joining of copper and titanium is widely required in aerospace structures and electrolytic copper equipment because these applications demand both high electrical conductivity and excellent corrosion resistance. However, the formation of brittle intermetallic compounds severely degrades the mechanical performance of Cu-Ti joints during conventional welding processes. In this study, vanadium transition layers with varying thicknesses were introduced to regulate interfacial reactions and improve joint performance during laser welding. The effects of transition layer thickness on weld formation, microstructure evolution, phase composition, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. Microstructure and phase constituents were characterized by using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and x-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile testing and microhardness measurements. The results indicate that increasing the thickness of the vanadium transition layer suppresses the formation of brittle Ti-Cu intermetallic compounds and promotes the formation of Ti-Cu-V mixed phases and Ti-V solid solutions. When the transition layer thickness increases from 0.2 to 0.6 mm, the tensile strength of the joint increases significantly from 87 to 172 MPa. Meanwhile, the hardness distribution becomes more uniform, ranging from 421 to 479 HV. Fracture occurs at the weld center and exhibits typical brittle characteristics. These findings demonstrate that an appropriately designed vanadium transition layer can control interfacial reactions and significantly enhance the mechanical performance of Cu-Ti dissimilar joints. This approach shows strong potential for high-performance dissimilar metal welding applications.