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<p>This study focuses on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of both dissimilar (AISI 630/304) and similar (AISI 630/630) resistance spot welding joints. A comprehensive characterization was carried out through morphological observation, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, and calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) to clarify the phase constituents and transformation mechanisms in the weld nugget and heat-affected zone (HAZ). The results indicate that the weld nuggets of both types of joints consist of <i>δ</i>-ferrite, austenite, and martensite. In the AISI 630/630 joint, the nugget is predominantly martensitic with a small fraction of retained austenite, whereas the higher Ni content in the AISI 630/304 joint promotes a larger amount of retained austenite. Mechanical testing further reveals that, under the same welding current, the AISI 630/630 joint exhibits a higher peak load due to the strengthening effect of martensite. In contrast, the AISI 630/304 joint demonstrates significantly higher energy absorption at all current levels, which is attributed to the enhanced toughness imparted by retained austenite.</p>

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CALPHAD-Assisted Microstructural Analysis and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar AISI 630/AISI 304 Stainless Steel Resistance Spot Welds

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Yu Zhang,
  • Yali Xie,
  • Shitian Wei,
  • Savyasachi Nellikode,
  • Mukhtar Fatihu Hamza,
  • S. M. Manladan

摘要

This study focuses on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of both dissimilar (AISI 630/304) and similar (AISI 630/630) resistance spot welding joints. A comprehensive characterization was carried out through morphological observation, electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis, and calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) to clarify the phase constituents and transformation mechanisms in the weld nugget and heat-affected zone (HAZ). The results indicate that the weld nuggets of both types of joints consist of δ-ferrite, austenite, and martensite. In the AISI 630/630 joint, the nugget is predominantly martensitic with a small fraction of retained austenite, whereas the higher Ni content in the AISI 630/304 joint promotes a larger amount of retained austenite. Mechanical testing further reveals that, under the same welding current, the AISI 630/630 joint exhibits a higher peak load due to the strengthening effect of martensite. In contrast, the AISI 630/304 joint demonstrates significantly higher energy absorption at all current levels, which is attributed to the enhanced toughness imparted by retained austenite.