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<p>The interfacial integrity of Q235B/304 clad plates during hot roll forming is critical for structural performance. This study investigates the damage mechanism within the 600-900&#xa0;°C range, coupling T-peel tests with finite element analysis (FEA). T-peel experiments identified 600&#xa0;°C as the lower threshold for valid characterization, below which cladding fracture occurs. FEA of the 70-degree forming process, utilizing a cohesive zone model (CZM), predicted a counterintuitive increase in stiffness degradation (SDEG) from 0.713 at 600&#xa0;°C to a critical 0.891 at 900&#xa0;°C. Microstructural analysis revealed that this degradation stems from thermal embrittlement rather than geometric strain. At 900&#xa0;°C, the non-equilibrium diffusion of carbon from the substrate leads to a massive co-segregation of C and Cr at the interface, forming a brittle Cr-rich carbide network. These coarse precipitates induce incompatible deformation and micro-void nucleation under forming loads. The results demonstrate that the benefits of thermal softening are overridden by carbide-induced embrittlement at elevated temperatures. Consequently, a strictly controlled forming window of 600-700&#xa0;°C is proposed to balance ductility and interfacial suppression of brittle phases.</p>

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Coupling Microstructural Embrittlement with Numerical Damage Prediction in Hot Roll Forming of Stainless/Carbon Steel Clad Plates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月5日

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  • Xuejin Li

摘要

The interfacial integrity of Q235B/304 clad plates during hot roll forming is critical for structural performance. This study investigates the damage mechanism within the 600-900 °C range, coupling T-peel tests with finite element analysis (FEA). T-peel experiments identified 600 °C as the lower threshold for valid characterization, below which cladding fracture occurs. FEA of the 70-degree forming process, utilizing a cohesive zone model (CZM), predicted a counterintuitive increase in stiffness degradation (SDEG) from 0.713 at 600 °C to a critical 0.891 at 900 °C. Microstructural analysis revealed that this degradation stems from thermal embrittlement rather than geometric strain. At 900 °C, the non-equilibrium diffusion of carbon from the substrate leads to a massive co-segregation of C and Cr at the interface, forming a brittle Cr-rich carbide network. These coarse precipitates induce incompatible deformation and micro-void nucleation under forming loads. The results demonstrate that the benefits of thermal softening are overridden by carbide-induced embrittlement at elevated temperatures. Consequently, a strictly controlled forming window of 600-700 °C is proposed to balance ductility and interfacial suppression of brittle phases.