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<p>Signs of water flow erosion are evident in the bedrock of underground engineering, particularly in regions with abundant groundwater, where the mechanical properties of the bedrock are significantly compromised. Investigating the impact of water flow rate on these properties is crucial. This study examines four flow rates (<i>v</i> = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 m/s). Sandstone specimens were subjected to scouring for 49 days, followed by uniaxial compression tests, with real-time monitoring via an acoustic emission system. Additionally, the study employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) to analyze the changes in the rock's microscopic structure under varying solution flow rates, as well as the alterations in compressive strength, deformation, and mechanical parameters. The results indicate that: (1) Increasing solution flow rate reduces the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone: compared with the dry sample, the strength of the specimen exposed to a flow rate of 0.5 m/s decreases by 45.05%. (2) Higher flow rates amplify water–rock physical and chemical interactions, weakening intergranular bonding and friction. This reduction in internal cohesion lowers the elastic modulus, raises Poisson’s ratio, and accelerates sandstone degradation. (3) Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring shows that with rising flow rate both AE ringing count and AE energy decline, while the proportion of shear-type cracks identified by RA–AF increases. (4) The fractal dimension <i>D</i> of the AE count time distribution initially rises and then falls. A sharp decline in the fractal dimension can act as an early warning for major coal sample failure. These findings offer a theoretical basis for controlling rock mass stability in hydrodynamic environments.</p>

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Research on Mechanical Degradation Characteristics and Acoustic Emission Fractal Features of Sandstone under Flowing Solution Scouring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Yu Zhou,
  • Wen Wan,
  • Yanlin Zhao,
  • Wei Chen,
  • Wenqing Peng,
  • Yuanzeng Wang,
  • Zhili Peng,
  • Xiaoya Zhang

摘要

Signs of water flow erosion are evident in the bedrock of underground engineering, particularly in regions with abundant groundwater, where the mechanical properties of the bedrock are significantly compromised. Investigating the impact of water flow rate on these properties is crucial. This study examines four flow rates (v = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 m/s). Sandstone specimens were subjected to scouring for 49 days, followed by uniaxial compression tests, with real-time monitoring via an acoustic emission system. Additionally, the study employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffractometry (XRD) to analyze the changes in the rock's microscopic structure under varying solution flow rates, as well as the alterations in compressive strength, deformation, and mechanical parameters. The results indicate that: (1) Increasing solution flow rate reduces the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone: compared with the dry sample, the strength of the specimen exposed to a flow rate of 0.5 m/s decreases by 45.05%. (2) Higher flow rates amplify water–rock physical and chemical interactions, weakening intergranular bonding and friction. This reduction in internal cohesion lowers the elastic modulus, raises Poisson’s ratio, and accelerates sandstone degradation. (3) Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring shows that with rising flow rate both AE ringing count and AE energy decline, while the proportion of shear-type cracks identified by RA–AF increases. (4) The fractal dimension D of the AE count time distribution initially rises and then falls. A sharp decline in the fractal dimension can act as an early warning for major coal sample failure. These findings offer a theoretical basis for controlling rock mass stability in hydrodynamic environments.