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<p>Tungsten(W)-based materials are promising plasma-facing materials (PFMs) for fusion reactors but face challenges of high ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and low recrystallization temperature. In this study, Doped W powders with 0.25% W-Zr(Y)O<sub>2</sub> were synthesized via composite hydrothermal method, and W alloys strengthened by Zr(Y)O<sub>2</sub> particles were fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) processes. The research analyzed the alloy’s SPS densification mechanism, grain growth behavior, and tensile properties focusing on DBTT. Results showed SPS densification was diffusion-controlled (low temperature, n = 0.9) or dislocation climb-controlled (high temperature, n≈2.6-4.3), with rapid densification at 1900-2000&#xa0;°C. Zr(Y)O<sub>2</sub> increased grain growth activation energy (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\text{Q}}_{\text{gg}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mtext>Q</mtext> <mtext>gg</mtext> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>:265.443/334.406&#xa0;kJ/mol) to inhibit grain growth. HIPed alloys had the best performance: DBTT (300–350&#xa0;°C) was lower than SPSed alloys (500-600&#xa0;°C) and pure W, with higher tensile properties. Strengthening mechanism of Zr(Y)O<sub>2</sub> particles in tungsten alloys and the biphase grain were discussed. This work provides a route for high-performance W-based PFMs, supporting their future fusion reactor application.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Study on Densification Behavior, Grain Growth Model, and Tensile Properties of Particle-Reinforced Tungsten Alloys

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月30日

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  • Fangnao Xiao,
  • Di Lin,
  • Qiang Miao,
  • Zhangquan Huang,
  • Shizhong Wei

摘要

Tungsten(W)-based materials are promising plasma-facing materials (PFMs) for fusion reactors but face challenges of high ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) and low recrystallization temperature. In this study, Doped W powders with 0.25% W-Zr(Y)O2 were synthesized via composite hydrothermal method, and W alloys strengthened by Zr(Y)O2 particles were fabricated using spark plasma sintering (SPS) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP) processes. The research analyzed the alloy’s SPS densification mechanism, grain growth behavior, and tensile properties focusing on DBTT. Results showed SPS densification was diffusion-controlled (low temperature, n = 0.9) or dislocation climb-controlled (high temperature, n≈2.6-4.3), with rapid densification at 1900-2000 °C. Zr(Y)O2 increased grain growth activation energy ( \({\text{Q}}_{\text{gg}}\) Q gg :265.443/334.406 kJ/mol) to inhibit grain growth. HIPed alloys had the best performance: DBTT (300–350 °C) was lower than SPSed alloys (500-600 °C) and pure W, with higher tensile properties. Strengthening mechanism of Zr(Y)O2 particles in tungsten alloys and the biphase grain were discussed. This work provides a route for high-performance W-based PFMs, supporting their future fusion reactor application.

Graphical Abstract