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<p>This study investigates the effect of equal channel angular pressing, combined with subsequent heat treatment, on the tribological performance at varying temperatures and mechanical properties of Ferrium® C64 steel. Wear tests are performed on as-received, heat-treated, ECAP, and ECAP + heat-treated samples using a reciprocating ball-on-disk setup at room temperature, 150 and 300&#xa0;°C. Results show that the volume fraction of retained austenite decreased from 14 to 6%, accompanied by a reduction in wear rates recorded as 4.0 × 10<sup>−5</sup> and 7.0 × 10<sup>−5</sup>&#xa0;mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm at room temperature and 300&#xa0;°C, respectively. The enhanced wear resistance is attributed to ultrafine and homogeneous martensitic microstructure. Among all conditions, ECAP + heat-treated samples exhibited the lowest wear rate and coefficient of friction. In contrast, the as-received and ECAP samples exhibited higher wear rates due to fatigue spalling and abrasive wear. The ECAP + heat-treated condition demonstrated a maximum hardness of 506&#xa0;VHN, an ultimate tensile strength of 1634&#xa0;MPa, a yield strength of 1438&#xa0;MPa, and an elongation of 20%. Overall, the combined effects of grain refinement by ECAP and thermal stabilization by heat treatment significantly improved the high-temperature wear resistance of alloy steel.</p>

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Enhanced Wear and Mechanical Properties of Ferrium® C64 Steel via Heat Treatment and ECAP Processing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Virendra Ahirwar,
  • Jayanthi Arumugam,
  • Mahesh Dhodre,
  • Nagarajan Devarajan,
  • Ravisankar Balasubramanian

摘要

This study investigates the effect of equal channel angular pressing, combined with subsequent heat treatment, on the tribological performance at varying temperatures and mechanical properties of Ferrium® C64 steel. Wear tests are performed on as-received, heat-treated, ECAP, and ECAP + heat-treated samples using a reciprocating ball-on-disk setup at room temperature, 150 and 300 °C. Results show that the volume fraction of retained austenite decreased from 14 to 6%, accompanied by a reduction in wear rates recorded as 4.0 × 10−5 and 7.0 × 10−5 mm3/Nm at room temperature and 300 °C, respectively. The enhanced wear resistance is attributed to ultrafine and homogeneous martensitic microstructure. Among all conditions, ECAP + heat-treated samples exhibited the lowest wear rate and coefficient of friction. In contrast, the as-received and ECAP samples exhibited higher wear rates due to fatigue spalling and abrasive wear. The ECAP + heat-treated condition demonstrated a maximum hardness of 506 VHN, an ultimate tensile strength of 1634 MPa, a yield strength of 1438 MPa, and an elongation of 20%. Overall, the combined effects of grain refinement by ECAP and thermal stabilization by heat treatment significantly improved the high-temperature wear resistance of alloy steel.