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<p>Water scarcity and pollution in developing regions demand safe water from poor sources. Solar interfacial evaporation combined with photocatalysis offers a promising route. In this study, a dual-functional composite (BTG@MS) was fabricated. It consists of black TiO2 with oxygen vacancies and Ti(III) sites, together with defective g-C3N4, fixed on a melamine sponge hydrogel. The material absorbs broadly from 300-1200 nm, with an average efficiency of 80.7%. A type-II heterojunction forms between TiO2 and g-C3N4, enabling visible-light excitation and reactive oxygen species generation. Defective sites improve charge separation and transfer. The BTG@MS hydrogel shows strong evaporation and photocatalytic activity against tylosin. This is due to the sponge’s porous water transport, BTG’s wide light absorption, and efficient solar-thermal conversion with simultaneous photocatalysis. Under one sun (1 kW/m<sup>2</sup>), the evaporation rate reached 1.26 kg/(m<sup>2</sup>&#xa0;h) with 74.3% efficiency. Photocatalytic degradation of tylosin achieved 84.5%. The composite tolerated salts and purified six water sources, producing water that met WHO standards. This dual-functional design demonstrates practical potential for safe drinking water in underdeveloped regions.</p>

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Reducing the Impact of Chemical Pollution by Fabrication of Recycled Composites as a New Technique in Humans and Animal’s Health

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Haibing Liu,
  • F. N. Gazi

摘要

Water scarcity and pollution in developing regions demand safe water from poor sources. Solar interfacial evaporation combined with photocatalysis offers a promising route. In this study, a dual-functional composite (BTG@MS) was fabricated. It consists of black TiO2 with oxygen vacancies and Ti(III) sites, together with defective g-C3N4, fixed on a melamine sponge hydrogel. The material absorbs broadly from 300-1200 nm, with an average efficiency of 80.7%. A type-II heterojunction forms between TiO2 and g-C3N4, enabling visible-light excitation and reactive oxygen species generation. Defective sites improve charge separation and transfer. The BTG@MS hydrogel shows strong evaporation and photocatalytic activity against tylosin. This is due to the sponge’s porous water transport, BTG’s wide light absorption, and efficient solar-thermal conversion with simultaneous photocatalysis. Under one sun (1 kW/m2), the evaporation rate reached 1.26 kg/(m2 h) with 74.3% efficiency. Photocatalytic degradation of tylosin achieved 84.5%. The composite tolerated salts and purified six water sources, producing water that met WHO standards. This dual-functional design demonstrates practical potential for safe drinking water in underdeveloped regions.